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Rules of Thumb, 5/e
Jay Silverman, Nassau County Community College
Elaine Hughes, Nassau County Community College
Diana R. Wienbroer, Nassau County Community College

Writing Process

Organization Tips

Your goal in organizing is to produce a sequence of paragraphs that leads the reader to a single strong conclusion, but there are many ways to reach this goal. Some suggestions follow.

Use a Formula as a Plan

Sometimes a teacher will give you a specific format to follow, but most of the time you will need to discover the organization that best enhances the content of your essay.

Common Patterns of Organization

Consider using one of the following patterns to organize your essay.

  • chronological (the sequence in which events occurred)
  • narrative (how you learned what you know)
  • generalization, followed by examples or arguments
  • process (the steps for how something is done)
  • comparison (similarities and differences)
  • classification (types and categories)
  • problem and solution
  • cause and effect (or a result and its causes)
  • a brief case study or story, following by interpretation of what it shows
  • dramatic order (building to the strongest point)

Create a Rough Outline (see Outlining Tips)

Consider Adjusting Your Plan

Sometimes the trick to good organization is reorganization. Here are the signs that a paper needs to be reorganized:

  • Parts of the paper are boring.
  • Your real point doesn't show up until the end.
  • You have repeated the same idea in several different places.
  • The essay seems choppy and hard to follow.
  • Your paragraphs are either too long or too short.

In the end, make sure that you know the main point you want the reader to get and that every sentence contributes to making the point clear.