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Multiple Choice
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1

Which of the following is not a part of the definition of a mineral?
A)crystalline structure
B)solid
C)known chemical composition
D)organic
2

The main groups of minerals are
A)silicates and nonsilicates.
B)organic and inorganic.
C)ferromagnesian and nonferromagnesian.
D)carbonates, sulfates, and phosphates.
3

Rocks
A)have a definite chemical composition.
B)are aggregates of minerals.
C)are classified by their crystalline structure.
D)are formed when minerals chemically combine.
4

Rocks that form from a mass of molten material are called
A)igneous.
B)metamorphic.
C)magma.
D)sedimentary.
5

The products of weathering and dissolved rock materials form
A)igneous rocks.
B)metamorphic rocks.
C)sedimentary rocks.
D)volcanic rocks.
6

The general term for forming sedimentary rock is
A)cementation.
B)lithification.
C)compaction.
D)recrystallization.
7

Changes in temperature and/or pressure produce metamorphic rocks by all of the following except
A)melting.
B)realignment of mineral grains.
C)flattening.
D)recrystallization.
8

A light colored igneous rock made up of quartz, mica, and feldspar is
A)granite.
B)basalt.
C)sandstone.
D)limestone.
9

The most abundant elements in the earth's crust are
A)silicon and oxygen.
B)iron and nickel.
C)iron and magnesium.
D)carbon and hydrogen.
10

One of the following is a type of rock that has remained unchanged on the earth's surface throughout its history.
A)igneous
B)sedimentary
C)metamorphic
D)none of the above
11

Sedimentary rocks are named according to
A)their mineral composition and texture.
B)the size and shape of particles forming the rock.
C)the location in which they cooled.
D)crystalline structure.
12

The overall process of forming sedimentary rock includes
A)melting, cooling, and crystallization.
B)increasing pressure and/or temperature, resulting in recrystallization.
C)weathering, erosion, and lithification.
D)All of the above.
13

The process that scientists believe gave earth its layered interior is
A)compaction.
B)lithification.
C)differentiation.
D)sedimentation.
14

The three main parts of earth's interior include the
A)asthenosphere, lithosphere, and mantle.
B)core, crust, and mantle.
C)crust, asthenosphere, and core.
D)lithosphere, mantle, and core.
15

The primary evidence for the structure of earth's core comes from
A)fossil evidence.
B)core samples.
C)paleomagnetic evidence.
D)seismological studies.
16

Pangea is the name of
A)a transform fault in California.
B)a crustal plate.
C)theoretical supercontinent.
D)a convergent plate boundary.
17

Which of the following, developed during the 1940s and 1950s, was used to map the ocean floor and collect evidence for plate tectonic theory?
A)seismographs
B)X-rays
C)Sonar
D)Doppler radar
18

The age of oceanic crust
A)increases with distance from the center of an ocean basin.
B)decreases with distance from the center of an ocean basin.
C)remains constant for each ocean basin.
D)alternately increases and decreases from the center of an ocean basin in "strips."
19

Magnetic studies of the basaltic rocks of the ocean floor reveal
A)parallel and symmetric strips of magnetic normal and reversed polarity.
B)asymmetric strips of magnetic normal and reversed polarity.
C)strips of normal polarity in the Northern Hemisphere and reversed polarity in the Southern Hemisphere.
D)random pockets of reversed polarity interspersed with normal polarity.
20

The word "plate" in plate tectonics refers to fairly rigid, moving pieces of the earth's
A)asthenosphere.
B)oceanic crust.
C)continental crust.
D)lithosphere.
21

Tectonic plates move in the
A)mantle.
B)asthenosphere.
C)lithosphere.
D)ocean crust.
22

A subduction zone is usually associated with
A)continental divergent plate boundaries.
B)oceanic divergent plate boundaries.
C)ocean-continental convergent plate boundaries.
D)continental-continental plate boundaries.
23

Which of the following is most likely to be associated with intense mountain building and production of a deformed and thicker granitic crust?
A)oceanic-continental convergent plate boundaries
B)transform plate boundaries
C)continental-continental convergent plate boundaries
D)oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundaries
24

Crust is neither created nor destroyed at
A)oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundaries.
B)oceanic-continental convergent plate boundaries.
C)divergent plate boundaries.
D)transform plate boundaries.
25

Plate tectonic theory helps scientists understand that the solid materials of the earth
A)are non-renewable resources.
B)are continually recycled.
C)cannot be created or destroyed.
D)cannot change forms.







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