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1 | |
A precursor of the modern kinetic molecular theory of matter was proposed by |
| | A) | Aristotle, who believed matter to be composed of four elements. |
| | B) | Galileo, who said matter was composed of atoms with protons in the nucleus and electrons circling around the nucleus like planets around the sun. |
| | C) | Democritus, who thought matter was composed of tiny atoms amid empty space. |
| | D) | Newton, who said that matter was composed of atoms whose nucleus contained particles that were attracted to each other by gravity. |
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2 | |
A molecule is |
| | A) | the basic unit of an element. |
| | B) | the basic unit of a compound. |
| | C) | never monatomic. |
| | D) | a solid if it is diatomic. |
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3 | |
Adhesion |
| | A) | refers to the attractive forces between the same types of molecules. |
| | B) | refers to the attractive forces between unlike molecules. |
| | C) | forces are stronger in solids than in liquids. |
| | D) | forces are stronger in liquids than in gases. |
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4 | |
Which of the following defines molecules in a liquid state? |
| | A) | Molecules vibrating around a fixed equilibrium position and held in place by strong cohesive forces. |
| | B) | Molecules can rotate and roll over each other because the cohesive forces are only moderately strong. |
| | C) | Molecules can move any way in random, free paths because there are no adhesive forces holding the molecules together. |
| | D) | A state of matter which contains only charged particles. |
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5 | |
Which of the following is not a basic form of kinetic energy in molecules? |
| | A) | vibrational motion |
| | B) | longitudinal motion |
| | C) | rotational motion |
| | D) | translational motion |
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6 | |
Which of the following describes the basic kinetic energy of a gas? A gas possesses vibrational |
| | A) | energy only. |
| | B) | and translational energy only. |
| | C) | , rotational, and translational energy. |
| | D) | , rotational, and some translational energy. |
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7 | |
Scientifically, the most accurate definition of the temperature of a substance is |
| | A) | a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in that substance. |
| | B) | whether the substance feels cold or hot. |
| | C) | the range of kinetic energy present in the molecules in that substance. |
| | D) | a measure of the maximum kinetic energy of the molecules in that substance. |
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8 | |
The temperature scale based on a definition of zero as occurring when there is no random kinetic energy present in a molecule is the |
| | A) | Fahrenheit scale. |
| | B) | Celsius scale. |
| | C) | Kelvin scale. |
| | D) | centigrade scale. |
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9 | |
A weatherman reports that the temperature will reach a high of 300°K. Your mother is freaking out about the weather report until you show her that 300°K is equal to __________ Fahrenheit. |
| | A) | 125° |
| | B) | 100° |
| | C) | 80° |
| | D) | 60° |
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10 | |
Sticking the new infrared thermometer in your ear is actually a good idea because |
| | A) | the inner ear is close to the hypothalamus, which monitors the body's core temperature. |
| | B) | it perforates the eardrum, which allows hot air to escape. |
| | C) | the body emits infrared radiation. |
| | D) | the mercury thermometer contains a known neurotoxin and thus should not be used close to the brain. |
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11 | |
Which of the following is not an accurate description of heat? |
| | A) | Heat is a measure of the internal energy that has been absorbed or transferred from one body to another. |
| | B) | The heat content of an object can be increased from a temperature difference, with energy flowing from the region of higher temperature to the region of lower temperature. |
| | C) | The heat content of an object can be increased from an energy-form conversion. |
| | D) | Heat is the average kinetic energy of the molecules that make up a substance. |
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12 | |
The importance of Joule's work is that it |
| | A) | demonstrated a direct relationship between heat and mechanical work. |
| | B) | demonstrated that the Calorie of nutritional studies is actually equivalent to the kilocalorie of scientists. |
| | C) | demonstrated definitively that heat was just a theoretical construct with no relationship to mechanical work. |
| | D) | none of the above answers is correct. |
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13 | |
Aluminum has the highest specific heat when compared with copper and gold. This means that |
| | A) | it takes more energy to raise the temperature of 10 g of gold 10°C than raise the temperature of 10 g of aluminum 10°C. |
| | B) | 10 g of aluminum doesn't need to lose as much energy as 10 g of copper to have its temperature lowered by 10°C. |
| | C) | 10 g of aluminum takes over twice as much energy to raise its temperature 80°C than does 10 g of copper. |
| | D) | 10 g of aluminum, which has lost 40 cal of thermal energy, will be colder than 10 g of copper, which has lost 40 cal of thermal energy. |
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14 | |
Fire doors are kept closed during a fire to |
| | A) | prevent radiant energy produced by the fire from escaping. |
| | B) | prevent convection currents from fanning the flames of the fire. |
| | C) | decrease the spread of the fire because conduction of the heat through the door is slower than conduction of heat by convection through the air. |
| | D) | deprive the fire of oxygen. |
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15 | |
Which of the following statements is true concerning phase changes in water? |
| | A) | While ice is melting into water there is a change in temperature. |
| | B) | The boiling point of a pure liquid occurs when all the adhesive bonds are broken. |
| | C) | Phase changes can only occur in one direction. |
| | D) | Phase changes require the absorption or release of energy without a corresponding change in temperature. |
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16 | |
How much heat must a gram of water at 15°C lose to turn into ice at -10°C? |
| | A) | 105 cal |
| | B) | 100 cal |
| | C) | 25 cal |
| | D) | 90 cal |
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17 | |
Which of the following is not associated with increasing the rate of evaporation? |
| | A) | increasing the temperature of a liquid |
| | B) | increasing the surface area of a liquid |
| | C) | decreasing convection currents |
| | D) | decreasing pressure above the liquid |
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18 | |
Which of the following statements about relative humidity is true? |
| | A) | Since cooler water can hold more dissolved gas molecules than warmer water, cooler air can hold more water vapor than warm air. |
| | B) | Relative humidity is based on the ratio of water vapor actually in the air compared to the maximum quantity of water vapor that the air can hold at any temperature. |
| | C) | The total quantity of water vapor in the air and not the relative humidity of the air is what determines how much a person will perspire. |
| | D) | Relative humidity is based on the ratio of water vapor actually in the air compared to the maximum quantity of water vapor that the air can hold at that temperature. |
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19 | |
Thermodynamics |
| | A) | is the study of heat and its relationship with mechanical energy. |
| | B) | is important only in physics. |
| | C) | tells us heat energy cannot be converted into mechanical energy but mechanical energy can be converted into heat energy. |
| | D) | tells us mechanical energy cannot be converted into heat but heat energy can be converted into mechanical energy. |
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20 | |
A physiological mechanism associated with loss of body heat is |
| | A) | decreased blood flow to the skin. |
| | B) | involuntary muscle contractions or shivering. |
| | C) | contraction of muscles associated with hair follicles forming goose bumps. |
| | D) | dilation of blood vessels in the skin or flushing. |
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21 | |
What is entropy? |
| | A) | The transformation of high-quality energy to lower quality energy. |
| | B) | A measure of the quantity of high-quality energy present in a system. |
| | C) | A measure of the amount of dispersion or randomness in a thermodynamic system. |
| | D) | A measure of the quantity of work available in a system. |
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22 | |
One problem with an evaporative cooler is that it must |
| | A) | be less expensive than refrigeration. |
| | B) | make the air more humid. |
| | C) | make the air cooler. |
| | D) | cool by evaporation of water. |
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23 | |
Ice keeps your drink cool because melting ice |
| | A) | absorbs the latent heat of fusion. |
| | B) | releases the latent heat of fusion. |
| | C) | absorbs the latent heat of vaporization. |
| | D) | releases the latent heat of vaporization. |
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24 | |
One of the following requires the expansion or contraction of matter to take place. |
| | A) | conduction |
| | B) | convection |
| | C) | radiation |
| | D) | all of the above |
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25 | |
A teaspoon of sugar has 18 Calories. This is equivalent to |
| | A) | 18,000 calories. |
| | B) | 18 kilocalories. |
| | C) | 75,312 joules. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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