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1 | |
Common law protection for news gathering: |
| | A) | Provides only bare access to government documents and meetings of public agencies. |
| | B) | Is deeply rooted in the easy-access formula representative of the British tradition. |
| | C) | Involves the question of an individual's "interest" in the information sought. |
| | D) | Provides full access to meetings, but not to government records. |
| | E) | Both A and C are correct. |
| | F) | Both B and D are correct. |
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2 | |
In Pell v. Procunier (1974) and Saxbe v. Washington Post (1974), the U.S. Supreme Court said: |
| | A) | Journalists have a special right of access to prisons. |
| | B) | Journalists don't have an absolute right of access to prisons, but they should be allowed to interview specific prisoners if they request the interview in advance. |
| | C) | Journalists do not have a right to interview specific prisoners. |
| | D) | Journalists may be denied access to prisons if prison officials think the press is a threat to security. |
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3 | |
In the court cases in which the press has argued a First Amendment right for information gathering: |
| | A) | The courts have always said that reporters have only the same rights as other citizens. |
| | B) | There is a strong recognition of a right to gather news under the First Amendment. |
| | C) | A clear trend has emerged. |
| | D) | All of the above are correct. |
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4 | |
A reporter wishing to enter private property in order to cover a news story: |
| | A) | Will find immunity from trespass laws under the First Amendment. |
| | B) | May always rely on the permission of government officials if they entered legally first. |
| | C) | Will usually find that implied consent of the property owner is an unreliable defense against civil charges of trespass. |
| | D) | May enter any emergency scene as long as it is with an emergency official, such as a police officer or firefighter. |
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5 | |
In Richmond Newspapers v. Virginia (1980), the U.S. Supreme Court said: |
| | A) | The First Amendment establishes a right for journalists to attend criminal trials. |
| | B) | The First Amendment establishes a right for all citizens to attend criminal trials. |
| | C) | The Sixth Amendment establishes a right for journalists to attend criminal trials. |
| | D) | The Sixth Amendment establishes a right for all citizens to attend criminal trials. |
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6 | |
The 1966 Freedom of Information Act represented a major change in policy because: |
| | A) | President Johnson campaigned heavily for the spirit of the law. |
| | B) | Earlier laws were generally designed to deny information to the public. |
| | C) | Reporters now have a means of appealing government denials of information. |
| | D) | All of the above are correct. |
| | E) | B and C are correct. |
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7 | |
In U.S. v. Matthews (1998), a Maryland district court said a freelance journalist who had been sending and receiving child pornography over the Internet: |
| | A) | Was immune from prosecution because he was writing an article about child pornography. |
| | B) | Could submit his articles about the child pornography industry as part of his defense. |
| | C) | Could not escape prosecution from laws of general applicability unless he was a full-time employee of a news organization. |
| | D) | Was not immune from prosecution under laws of general applicability just because he was writing an article about child pornography. |
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8 | |
In Wolfson v. Lewis (1996), a federal district court judge: |
| | A) | Ordered "Inside Edition" to refrain from running a story on the salaries of U.S. HealthCare employees. |
| | B) | Fined "Inside Edition" $100,000 for its employees trespassing on the private property of U.S. HealthCare employees. |
| | C) | Ordered "Inside Edition" reporters to stop harassing a family they were investigating for a story on U.S. HealthCare. |
| | D) | Said reporters could not be restrained from newsgathering activities. |
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9 | |
In Food Lion v. Capital Cities/ABC (1996) and Special Force Ministries v. WCCO Television (1998), the courts said: |
| | A) | The First Amendment protects reporters who go undercover to get news stories as long as they don't use hidden cameras. |
| | B) | The First Amendment protects reporters who go undercover to get news stories regardless of the reporting techniques they use. |
| | C) | Reporters, but not their news organizations, can be liable for fraud when reporters lie about their backgrounds to get jobs during undercover reporting. |
| | D) | Reporters and their news organizations can be liable for fraud when reporters lie about their backgrounds to get jobs during undercover reporting. |
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10 | |
The FOIA covers records held by: |
| | A) | The executive branch of government. |
| | B) | Congress. |
| | C) | The judicial branch of government. |
| | D) | Private companies that have government contracts. |
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11 | |
Under the FOIA exemptions, federal agencies: |
| | A) | May, but are not required to, withhold certain kinds of information. |
| | B) | Are required to withhold general categories of information. |
| | C) | Are required to withhold a few, very specific documents described in the law. |
| | D) | Have no duty to release any information at all. |
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12 | |
When an agency claims material requested falls under one of the nine FOIA exemptions: |
| | A) | Citizens have no recourse to challenge the decision. |
| | B) | Courts may determine whether the agency's decision adheres properly to FOIA criteria. |
| | C) | Courts may determine what the criteria for exemption should be. |
| | D) | Courts may act only in an advisory fashion. |
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13 | |
The Electronic Freedom of Information Act: |
| | A) | Extends the Freedom of Information Act's provisions to information stored on computers. |
| | B) | Says computer searches for the public can be delayed until the agency isn't using its computers for government business. |
| | C) | Says top priority for answering FOIA requests should go to requests in which a delay would threaten individuals' safety. |
| | D) | A and B are correct. |
| | E) | A and C are correct. |
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14 | |
The 1976 Government in Sunshine Act requires that: |
| | A) | Notice be given before any meeting is held. |
| | B) | Careful records be kept at any meeting in which the public is excluded. |
| | C) | Informal communication not be conducted between officials of an agency and representatives of a company affected by the agency unless careful records are maintained and published. |
| | D) | All of the above are correct. |
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15 | |
The Buckley Amendment (also called the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act) to the 1974 General Education Provisions Act: |
| | A) | Has opened up nearly all school records to the public. |
| | B) | Requires federally funded schools to allow parents to see the educational records of their children. |
| | C) | Prohibits the pornographic photographing of children on school property. |
| | D) | Allows federally funded schools to deny access of files on pupils to their parents. |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education