Effects

Studying the Effects of the Electronic Media

Theories of Media Effects

Hypodermic Needle Theory

Limited-Effects Theory

Specific-Effects Theory

Video Violence

History

Research Evidence

Video Game Violence

A Mean and Scary World? Perceptions of Reality

Racial, Ethnic, and Sex-Role Stereotyping

Broadcasting and Politics

Media Influences on Voting Behavior

Media Impact on the Political System

Television and Learning

Television and Prosocial Behavior

Social Impact of the Internet

The Future: Social Concerns

Summary

Key Terms

Suggestions for Further Reading

Internet Exercises