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1 | |
Criticisms of the Minnesota identical twins study have included all of the following concerns, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | the twins would be expected to have many similarities because of their shared genes. |
| | B) | some of the separated twins were together several months prior to their adoption. |
| | C) | some of the twins had been reunited prior to their testing. |
| | D) | adoption agencies often place twins in similar homes. |
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2 | |
According to Darwin, the key to survival in an environment based on natural selection involves: |
| | A) | aggression. |
| | B) | size. |
| | C) | adaptation. |
| | D) | mutation. |
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3 | |
_________ emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and "survival of the fittest." |
| | A) | Evolutionary psychology |
| | B) | Social cognitive theory |
| | C) | The Bell Curve |
| | D) | The Human Genome Project |
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4 | |
With regard to the influence of evolution on human adaptation, Albert Bandura: |
| | A) | totally rejects evolutionary psychology. |
| | B) | proposes a one-sided evolutionism that suggests social behavior is the product of evolved biology. |
| | C) | proposes a bidirectional view in which evolutionary pressures create biological changes which, in turn, produce new selection pressures. |
| | D) | believes that just as evolution shapes our physical features, it also pervasively influences cognition, aggression, and mating patterns. |
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5 | |
The nucleus of each human cell contains: |
| | A) | 46 chromosomes. |
| | B) | 23 chromosomes. |
| | C) | 46 pairs of chromosomes. |
| | D) | 46 sets of genes. |
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6 | |
To understand the differences between mitosis and meiosis: |
| | A) | in meiosis, the focus is on cell growth and repair. |
| | B) | in mitosis, the number of chromosomes present remains the same. |
| | C) | in mitosis, the chromosomes are halved. |
| | D) | in meiosis, two daughter cells are formed. |
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7 | |
If Mort and Milly both have brown eyes, but their son Murray has blue eyes, it is safe to assume that: |
| | A) | Mort has two recessive genes for blue eyes. |
| | B) | Milly has two recessive genes for blue eyes. |
| | C) | Mort and Milly each have a recessive gene for blue eyes. |
| | D) | Either Mort or Milly (or both) is not Murray's biological parent. |
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8 | |
________ occurs when genes have been altered in the mother or the father and have differing effects depending on whether they are transmitted to the offspring through the egg or the sperm. |
| | A) | Genetic imprinting |
| | B) | X-linked inheritance |
| | C) | Genetic mutation |
| | D) | Hemophilia |
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9 | |
Polygenic inheritance refers to the fact that: |
| | A) | there is no pure race. |
| | B) | incest leads to physical and psychological disorders. |
| | C) | most psychological characteristics result from the interaction of many genes. |
| | D) | people with complex genetic backgrounds exhibit more psychological disorders. |
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10 | |
A person's genetic heritage is his or her: |
| | A) | genotype. |
| | B) | phenotype. |
| | C) | dominant character. |
| | D) | hereditary influence. |
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11 | |
The narrow path, or developmental course, that certain characteristics take that apparently helps protect a person from environmental extremes is referred to as: |
| | A) | canalization. |
| | B) | meiosis. |
| | C) | the reaction range. |
| | D) | heredity |
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12 | |
Which of the following is the BEST example of canalization? |
| | A) | Terry and Barry, identical twins reared in different environments, have different temperaments. |
| | B) | Edward and Sally have brown eyes, but their daughter Lisa has blue eyes. |
| | C) | Cristina, who was born with an extra X chromosome, which caused genetic abnormalities. |
| | D) | Aisha, Brendan, Clarissa, and Dae all smiled at exactly 40 weeks after their conception even though none of them arrived on their expected due date. |
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13 | |
Behavioral geneticists believe that behaviors are determined by: |
| | A) | only biological factors. |
| | B) | only environmental factors. |
| | C) | biological factors at birth and environmental factors throughout life. |
| | D) | a continuous interaction between biological and environmental factors. |
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14 | |
If heredity is an important determinant of a specific behavior, we can predict the behavior's expression as follows: |
| | A) | Fraternal twins will express the behavior more similarly than identical twins. |
| | B) | There will be little similarity in expression of the behavior in either identical or fraternal twins. |
| | C) | Identical twins will express the behavior more similarly than fraternal twins. |
| | D) | The behavior will be expressed similarly by identical and fraternal twins. |
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15 | |
Dr. Green's major focus of research is in adoption studies. We would thus expect her to compare the behavior of: |
| | A) | children living with adoptive parents and children living with biological parents. |
| | B) | family members and randomly selected others. |
| | C) | fraternal twins with each other. |
| | D) | identical twins with fraternal twins. |
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16 | |
As a molecular geneticist, Professor Al-Suwaidi is likely to do all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | study the effects of heredity on behavior of identical and fraternal twins. |
| | B) | look for the specific locations on genes that determine an individual's susceptibility to disease. |
| | C) | attempt to identify the genes in human DNA. |
| | D) | develop drugs to alter the genetic makeup of diseased cells. |
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17 | |
Cassandra has a form of mental retardation caused by the presence of an extra chromosome. Cassandra has: |
| | A) | Klinefelter syndrome. |
| | B) | Fragile X syndrome. |
| | C) | Turner syndrome. |
| | D) | Down syndrome. |
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18 | |
Which of the following is NOT a sex-linked chromosome abnormality? |
| | A) | Klinefelter syndrome |
| | B) | Fragile X syndrome |
| | C) | Phenylketonuria |
| | D) | XYY syndrome |
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19 | |
The gene-linked abnormality that occurs most often in people of African descent is: |
| | A) | Down syndrome. |
| | B) | phenylketonuria (PKU). |
| | C) | sickle-cell anemia. |
| | D) | Tay-Sachs disease. |
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20 | |
Bob and Mary have sought the services of a genetic counselor, who will: |
| | A) | help them decide how likely they are to have a genetically defective baby. |
| | B) | administer in vitro fertilization. |
| | C) | counsel them on how to raise a baby born with genetic abnormalities. |
| | D) | suggest whether they should terminate Mary's pregnancy if tests show the fetus to have genetic defects. |
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21 | |
________ involves removal of a small sample of the placenta to check for the presence of birth defects. |
| | A) | The alpha-fetoprotein test |
| | B) | The chorionic villi test |
| | C) | Amniocentesis |
| | D) | An ultrasound |
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22 | |
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of male infertility? |
| | A) | low sperm count |
| | B) | lack of motility in sperm |
| | C) | a blocked passageway |
| | D) | endometriosis |
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23 | |
Studies of families that have used the new reproductive technologies (e.g., in vitro fertilization) to produce children have found that: |
| | A) | they have higher divorce rates than families who have no difficulty conceiving. |
| | B) | children conceived through the use of these new technologies have higher rates of psychological problems than other children. |
| | C) | children conceived through the use of these new technologies have lower rates of psychological problems than adopted children. |
| | D) | there are no differences in psychological consequences for children conceived through the new technologies. |
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24 | |
The most serious concern about multiple births due to use of fertility treatments is: |
| | A) | extreme stress caused by elevated risk of sibling rivalry. |
| | B) | the potential for life-threatening problems, such as extremely low birthweight. |
| | C) | an insufficiency of hospital equipment and personnel to care for multiple births. |
| | D) | relatively nonexistent because research has found most families have a positive outcome. |
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25 | |
Research has found all of the following concerning adoption, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | adopted adolescents are referred to psychological treatment two to five times as often as their nonadopted peers. |
| | B) | the later adoption occurs, the more problems the adopted children have. |
| | C) | adopted children show lower levels of prosocial behaviors than nonadopted children. |
| | D) | adopted children should be told that they are adopted. |
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26 | |
Arthur Jensen's research on intelligence sparked controversy because he believes that: |
| | A) | adopted children are less intelligent than nonadopted children. |
| | B) | environment and culture play a more important role in determining intelligence than heredity. |
| | C) | IQ tests are inadequate measures of intelligence. |
| | D) | genetic factors play a more important role in determining intelligence than environmental factors. |
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27 | |
Children who are highly active, easily distracted, and move very fast often elicit adult attempts to quiet them down, punishment for lack of concentration, and angry warnings to slow down. This would describe which genotype-environment correlation? |
| | A) | passive |
| | B) | evocative |
| | C) | active |
| | D) | niche-picking |
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28 | |
Yeh, Ying, and Yu grew up in the same house, went to the same school, and observed their parents' dedication to work and family. These experiences constitute the children's: |
| | A) | shared environmental experiences. |
| | B) | nonshared environmental experiences. |
| | C) | niche-picking experiences. |
| | D) | heritability. |
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29 | |
The emerging view concerning the relative contributions of heredity and environment is that: |
| | A) | both are important, but heredity is the more powerful influence. |
| | B) | both are important, but environment is the more powerful influence. |
| | C) | both are equally important because the environment's influence and genetically endowed characteristics interact with each other. |
| | D) | it is still too early in the study of the interaction between heredity and environment to determine which is more important. |
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30 | |
According to Judith Harris (1998), the most important influences in a child's life are: |
| | A) | parents and other family members. |
| | B) | genes and peers. |
| | C) | parents and schools. |
| | D) | early childhood experiences. |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education