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Multiple Choice Quiz 1
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1
In which of these compartments is Na+ concentration the lowest?
A)interstitial fluid
B)plasma
C)intracellular fluid
D)lymph
2
Which statement concerning body fluid composition is correct?
A)Intracellular fluid contains a lower concentration of proteins than interstitial fluid.
B)Interstitial fluid contains a higher concentration of proteins than plasma.
C)Extracellular fluid contains a higher concentration of potassium than intracellular fluid.
D)Extracellular fluid contains a higher concentration of sodium than intracellular fluid.
3
Which fluid compartment contains about 67% (by volume) of all body water?
A)intracellular fluid
B)plasma
C)lymph
D)extracellular fluid
4
The fluid secreted into the stomach by the stomach lining is part of which fluid compartment?
A)transcellular
B)intracellular
C)interstitial
D)lymph
5
In which choice are the major body fluid compartments ranked correctly in order of decreasing volume?
A)intracellular, plasma, interstitial
B)plasma, interstitial, intracellular
C)intracellular, interstitial, plasma
D)plasma, intracellular, interstitial
6
About what percent of a young adult’s body weight is due to water?
A)4 to 5%
B)10 to 12%
C)50 to 60%
D)98 to 99%
7
In which choice would the person on the left be most likely to have a lower body water content (by percent of body weight) than the person on the right?
A)person with 15% body fat / person with 5% body fat
B)male / female
C)baby / elderly person
D)normal / dehydrated
8
Which of these body fluid compartments contains the highest concentration of proteins?
A)lymph
B)interstitial fluid
C)cerebrospinal fluid
D)intracellular
9
Various tissues in the body have different levels of water content. Which of these has the lowest water content by volume?
A)skin
B)cardiac muscle tissue
C)skeletal muscle tissue
D)adipose tissue
10
The capillary endothelium separates these two body fluid compartments.
A)ICF and ECF
B)ICF and interstitial fluid
C)cerebrospinal and brain tissue fluid
D)plasma and interstitial fluid
11
Which mechanism is the main regulator of water intake?
A)amount of saliva being produced
B)thirst
C)small changes in ECF volume
D)changes in ECF pH
12
A loss of body water would do which of the following?
A)inhibit the thirst center
B)cause stomach distention
C)stimulate osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
D)inhibit ADH secretion
13
Body water is lost through each of these organs EXCEPT the
A)kidneys
B)lungs
C)skin
D)muscles
14
All of these factors help to cause ADH secretion EXCEPT
A)ingesting more water than is needed to balance water loss
B)stimulation of hypothalamic osmoreceptors
C)dehydration
D)increased ECF osmotic pressure
15
All of these are effects of antidiuretic hormone EXCEPT
A)increased water reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts
B)reduced urine osmolarity
C)increased permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts to water
D)reduced urine output
16
Which condition is caused by water output exceeding water intake?
A)water intoxication
B)ADH hyposecretion
C)dehydration
D)increased blood volume
17
A diuretic is which of the following?
A)a substance that causes water retention
B)a substance that causes increased urine production
C)a drug that may be administered in order to prevent water excretion in the urine
D)a drug that may be administered in order to reduce water loss through sweating
18
Hyposecretion of ADH has this effect on urine volume and concentration.
A)increased volume and decreased concentration
B)increased volume and increased concentration
C)decreased volume and increased concentration
D)decreased volume and decreased concentration
19
This hormone directly increases water reabsorption in the kidneys.
A)aldosterone
B)atrial natriuretic hormone
C)antidiuretic hormone
D)parathyroid hormone
20
Which factor stimulates ADH secretion?
A)high ECF volume
B)high ECF osmolarity
C)high blood pressure
D)high blood calcium
21
Hyposecretion of ADH causes
A)hypercalcemia
B)hyponatremia
C)diabetes mellitus
D)diabetes insipidus
22
Thirst is caused by which of the following?
A)increased ECF volume
B)decreased ECF osmolarity
C)increased ECF osmolarity
D)decreased ICF volume
23
Drinking too much water could cause each of these changes EXCEPT
A)decreased ECF osmolarity
B)decreased cell volumes
C)increased ECF volume
D)increased urine output
24
When the body has to get rid of excess water, the mechanism that is used is
A)sweating
B)diarrhea
C)increased respiratory rate and depth
D)increased urine production
25
A small amount of the daily water requirement is met by molecules produced during oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria. This is referred to as
A)cutaneous water
B)metabolic water
C)transcellular water
D)free water
26
A person who is dehydrated would exhibit all of these conditions EXCEPT
A)increased thirst
B)increased ADH secretion
C)increased urine output
D)increased urine osmolarity
27
Which condition causes increased ECF osmolarity?
A)water intoxication
B)dehydration
C)hemorrhage
D)renal failure
28
Which factor would cause a shift of water from the plasma to the interstitial fluid?
A)increased interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
B)increased blood plasma colloid osmotic pressure
C)decreased blood (hydrostatic) pressure
D)increased blood (hydrostatic) pressure
29
Which of these events will occur when a normal person is given isotonic fluids intravenously?
A)There is a net shift of fluid from plasma into interstitial fluid.
B)There is a net shift of fluid from interstitial fluid into plasma.
C)There is a net shift of fluid from the ECF into the cells.
D)There is a net shift of fluid from the ICF out of the cells.
30
These are primarily responsible for the movement of fluid between plasma and interstitial fluids.
A)hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure
B)osmosis and active transport
C)primary and secondary active transport
D)membrane channels
31
Which item is correctly matched with the area where it is located or secreted?
A)thirst center: hypothalamus
B)osmoreceptors: medulla oblongata
C)ADH secretion: anterior pituitary
D)aldosterone: adrenal medulla
32
The interstitial fluid, plasma and lymph are part of which larger fluid compartment?
A)synovial fluid
B)transcellular fluid
C)intracellular fluid
D)extracellular fluid.
33
An increase in the ECF Na+ levels would cause
A)red blood cells to swell
B)Na+ to shift out of the ICF and into the ECF
C)water to shift out of the ICF and into the ECF
D)water to shift out of the ECF and into the ICF
34
Which statement is correct?
A)Aldosterone decreases Na+ reabsorption in the kidney tubules.
B)Aldosterone increases K+ reabsorption in the kidney tubules.
C)Parathyroid hormone increases blood Ca2+ levels.
D)Parathyroid hormone increases blood phosphate levels.
35
Which of the following is true about hyponatremia?
A)refers to abnormally high sodium levels
B)can be caused by excessive water loss from the body
C)can be caused by aldosterone hypersecretion
D)can cause a shift of water into the cells
36
High levels of Na+ in the ECF would cause which of the following?
A)an increase in plasma volume.
B)a decrease in Na+ excretion in the kidneys.
C)an increase in aldosterone secretion.
D)water to shift from the ECF into the ICF.
37
The major cation in the extracellular fluid is
A)Na+.
B)K+.
C)Cl-.
D)Ca2+.
38
The major anion in the extracellular fluid is
A)phosphate
B)chloride
C)calcium
D)sulfate
39
ECF calcium levels are mainly regulated by which of the following hormones?
A)aldosterone
B)antidiuretic hormone
C)parathyroid hormone
D)atrial natriuretic hormone
40
ECF sodium levels are mainly regulated by which of the following hormones?
A)parathyroid hormone
B)antidiuretic hormone
C)aldosterone
D)atrial natriuretic hormone
41
ECF potassium levels are mainly regulated by which of the following hormones?
A)parathyroid hormone
B)antidiuretic hormone
C)aldosterone
D)atrial natriuretic hormone
42
Which hormone is correctly matched with the results of its hypersecretion?
A)aldosterone; hypernatremia
B)ADH; diuresis
C)parathyroid hormone; hypocalcemia
D)ANP; hypernatremia
43
Which hormone stimulates the kidneys to excrete excess potassium?
A)ADH
B)aldosterone
C)ANP
D)ACTH
44
When there is an abnormally high or low level of sodium in the ECF,
A)sodium shifts into or out of the cells to balance ICF and ECF osmolarity.
B)water shifts into or out of the cells to balance ICF and ECF osmolarity.
C)water shifts into or out of the capillaries to balance plasma and interstitial fluid osmolarity.
D)sodium shifts into or out of the capillaries to balance plasma and interstitial fluid osmolarity.
45
In the kidney tubules, aldosterone increases reabsorption of ______ but decreases reabsorption of _______.
A)K+; Na+
B)Na+; K+
C)calcium; phosphate
D)phosphate; calcium
46
Water and electrolytes can move directly from the intracellular fluid into the
A)plasma
B)interstitial fluid
C)lymph
D)capillaries
47
The major cation in the intracellular fluid is
A)Na+
B)K+
C)Cl-
D)Ca2+
48
The major anion in the intracellular fluid is
A)phosphate
B)chloride
C)calcium
D)sulfate
49
An acid is an ionic compound that
A)releases H+ when it dissociates
B)combines with H+
C)when added to a solution, increases the pH of the solution
D)releases OH- when it dissociates
50
All of these are sources of acid EXCEPT
A)aerobic respiration
B)the incomplete oxidation of fatty acids
C)ingestion of bicarbonate
D)the breakdown of nucleic acids
51
Strong acids
A)ionize less completely than weak acids
B)release fewer H+ than weak acids
C)cause a smaller change in pH than weak acids
D)can be buffered by weak bases
52
Which of these chemicals is capable of buffering strong bases?
A)NaHCO3
B)NaCl
C)H2CO3
D)HPO4
53
Respiratory acidosis may be caused by
A)hyperventilation
B)hypoventilation
C)reduced levels of CO2 in the body
D)a prolonged stay at a high altitude
54
Kidney disease causes
A)respiratory acidosis
B)respiratory alkalosis
C)metabolic acidosis
D)metabolic alkalosis
55
Emphysema may cause
A)respiratory acidosis
B)respiratory alkalosis
C)metabolic acidosis
D)metabolic alkalosis
56
Prolonged hyperventilation could cause
A)respiratory acidosis
B)respiratory alkalosis
C)metabolic acidosis
D)metabolic alkalosis
57
Prolonged vomiting may cause
A)respiratory acidosis
B)respiratory alkalosis
C)metabolic acidosis
D)metabolic alkalosis
58
A person who has unregulated diabetes mellitus may also have
A)respiratory acidosis
B)respiratory alkalosis
C)metabolic acidosis and dehydration
D)metabolic alkalosis and dehydration
59
Prolonged diarrhea can cause
A)metabolic acidosis and dehydration
B)metabolic alkalosis and dehydration
C)metabolic acidosis and hypoventilation
D)metabolic alkalosis and hyperventilation
60
An increase in the level of H+ ions in the ECF would cause
A)increased renal secretion of H+
B)decreased renal secretion of H+
C)decreased respiratory rate and depth
D)the conversion of weak acids to stronger acids
61
The normal pH of the blood ranges between
A)6.95 and 7.05
B)7.4 and 7.6
C)7.2 and 7.4
D)7.35 and 7.45
62
Which statement is correct?
A)The respiratory system compensates for alkalosis by decreasing respiratory rate and depth.
B)The respiratory system compensates for acidosis by decreasing respiratory rate and depth.
C)The renal system compensates for alkalosis by increasing secretion of H+.
D)The buffer systems compensate for acidosis by converting weak acids to stronger acids.
63
All of these conditions could cause metabolic acidosis EXCEPT
A)kidney failure
B)diabetes mellitus
C)prolonged diarrhea
D)prolonged vomiting of stomach contents
64
All of these conditions could cause respiratory acidosis EXCEPT
A)hyperventilation
B)obstruction of the respiratory passageways
C)emphysema
D)pneumonia
65
A person who is hyperventilating may
A)be compensating for respiratory alkalosis
B)be compensating for metabolic acidosis
C)have respiratory acidosis
D)B and C
66
As the hydrogen ion concentration of the ECF increases, the
A)pH of the ECF increases
B)respiratory rate decreases
C)pH of the urine increases
D)kidneys increase hydrogen ion secretion
67
Buffer systems do which of the following?
A)minimize pH changes in body fluids by converting stronger acids or bases into weaker acids or bases
B)increase the severity of pH changes in the body fluids
C)are not present in intracellular fluid
D)consist of a weak acid plus a strong acid
68
Which of these chemicals is able to help in compensating for metabolic acidosis?
A)sodium chloride
B)amino group ion and amino acid or protein
C)carbonic acid
D)bicarbonate ion
69
Respiratory alkalosis would be indicated if blood pH is _____ and blood carbon dioxide levels are ______.
A)high; high
B)high; low
C)low; high
D)low; low







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