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| 1 | |
A major function of the skin is protection from |
| | A) | abrasion. |
| | B) | ultraviolet light. |
| | C) | entry of microorganisms. |
| | D) | dehydration. |
| | E) | all of these |
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| 2 | |
The layer of skin that is composed of dense connective tissue and has projections called papillae is the |
| | A) | dermis. |
| | B) | hypodermis. |
| | C) | stratum corneum. |
| | D) | stratum basale. |
| | E) | stratum lucidum. |
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| 3 | |
Striae occur as a result of |
| | A) | pimples. |
| | B) | overstretching the dermis. |
| | C) | losing too much epidermis. |
| | D) | too many fibers in the hypodermis. |
| | E) | loss of hair follicles. |
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| 4 | |
This layer contains loose connective tissue and has about half of the body's stored fat. |
| | A) | dermis |
| | B) | hypodermis |
| | C) | stratum corneum |
| | D) | stratum basale |
| | E) | stratum lucidum |
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| 5 | |
The specific layer that shapes the ridges for fingerprints and footprints is the |
| | A) | hypodermis. |
| | B) | papillary layer of the dermis. |
| | C) | reticular layer of the dermis. |
| | D) | underlying muscle layer. |
| | E) | superficial bony layer. |
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| 6 | |
The epidermis is nourished by diffusion from capillaries in the |
| | A) | epidermis. |
| | B) | reticular layer of the dermis. |
| | C) | papillary layer of the dermis. |
| | D) | hypodermis. |
| | E) | subcutaneous tissue. |
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| 7 | |
Cell division occurs in which layer of the epidermis? |
| | A) | stratum basale |
| | B) | stratum corneum |
| | C) | stratum granulosum |
| | D) | stratum lucidum |
| | E) | stratum reticularis |
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| 8 | |
The stratum germinativum includes both the stratum basale and the |
| | A) | stratum corneum. |
| | B) | stratum granulosum. |
| | C) | stratum lucidum. |
| | D) | stratum reticularis. |
| | E) | stratum spinosum. |
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| 9 | |
In which layer of epidermis do the nucleus and other organelles disintegrate, and the cells die? |
| | A) | stratum basale |
| | B) | stratum corneum |
| | C) | stratum granulosum |
| | D) | stratum lucidum |
| | E) | stratum spinosum |
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| 10 | |
The __________ consists of many layers of dead squamous cells surrounded by lipids. |
| | A) | dermis |
| | B) | hypodermis |
| | C) | stratum corneum |
| | D) | stratum basale |
| | E) | stratum spinosum |
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| 11 | |
In which of these layers are melanocytes found? |
| | A) | dermis |
| | B) | hypodermis |
| | C) | stratum corneum |
| | D) | stratum basale |
| | E) | stratum lucidum |
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| 12 | |
Thick skin |
| | A) | usually lacks the stratum lucidum. |
| | B) | is typically found on the back. |
| | C) | does not produce hair. |
| | D) | (unlike thin skin) develops calluses and corns. |
| | E) | all of these |
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| 13 | |
Most of the cells of the epidermis are |
| | A) | fibroblasts. |
| | B) | keratinocytes. |
| | C) | Langerhans cells. |
| | D) | macrophages. |
| | E) | melanocytes. |
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| 14 | |
Which of these statements is true regarding keratinization? |
| | A) | The deepest cells are located in the stratum corneum. |
| | B) | Epithelial cells eventually die and produce an outer layer of cells. |
| | C) | The stratum corneum has cuboidal or columnar cells that undergo mitotic division. |
| | D) | The stratum basale can thicken to produce a callus. |
| | E) | The newest cells are found in the outer layer of cells. |
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| 15 | |
Cyanosis is a condition caused by |
| | A) | consuming large amounts of carotene. |
| | B) | increased blood flow to the skin. |
| | C) | albinism. |
| | D) | exposure to ultraviolet light. |
| | E) | a decrease in blood oxygen. |
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| 16 | |
Concerning skin color, which of these statements is correctly matched? |
| | A) | Skin appears yellow = not enough oxygen in blood. |
| | B) | Pale skin = shock. |
| | C) | Skin tans = increased carotene in stratum corneum. |
| | D) | Dark skin = less melanin than light skin. |
| | E) | Pregnancy = decrease in the production of melanin. |
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| 17 | |
Melanin |
| | A) | production occurs in melanocytes and keratinocytes. |
| | B) | is packaged into vesicles called melanosomes. |
| | C) | is present in large quantities on the soles of the feet. |
| | D) | is responsible for skin color, but not hair color. |
| | E) | all of these |
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| 18 | |
All of these conditions increase the amount of melanin in the skin EXCEPT: |
| | A) | exposure to ultraviolet light. |
| | B) | pregnancy. |
| | C) | Addison's disease. |
| | D) | vitiligo. |
| | E) | freckles. |
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| 19 | |
Which type of burn is described by all of the following characteristics? 1. epidermis and dermis destroyed 2. initially painless 3. much scar tissue formed |
| | A) | first-degree burn |
| | B) | second-degree burn |
| | C) | third-degree burn |
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| 20 | |
According to "the rule of nines," a man burned extensively on his head and both upper limbs has burns on __________ percent of his body. |
| | A) | 9 |
| | B) | 18 |
| | C) | 27 |
| | D) | 36 |
| | E) | 45 |
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| 21 | |
Which of these is the type of hair found on the fetus, but is not present after birth? |
| | A) | terminal hair |
| | B) | lanugo |
| | C) | vellus hair |
| | D) | both a and b |
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| 22 | |
"Peach fuzz" found on the face of a 1-year old baby is |
| | A) | lanugo. |
| | B) | terminal hair. |
| | C) | vellus hair. |
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| 23 | |
Terminal hair |
| | A) | is found in greater quantity in adult females than in adult males. |
| | B) | decreases at puberty. |
| | C) | is found on eyebrows and eyelids. |
| | D) | is fine, unpigmented hair. |
| | E) | is found only on the toes. |
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| 24 | |
The outermost layer of the hair shaft is the |
| | A) | cortex. |
| | B) | cuticle. |
| | C) | medulla. |
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| 25 | |
The hair follicle |
| | A) | has an epithelial root sheath and a dermal root sheath. |
| | B) | can provide epithelial cells for skin repair. |
| | C) | contains only the stratum germinativum at the hair bulb. |
| | D) | has an arrector pili muscle attached. |
| | E) | all of these |
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| 26 | |
Hair is formed from epithelial cells in the |
| | A) | matrix. |
| | B) | dermal root sheath. |
| | C) | hypodermis. |
| | D) | cuticle. |
| | E) | hair shaft. |
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| 27 | |
Scalp hairs can grow longer than eyelash hairs because |
| | A) | the head has a better blood supply than the eyelid. |
| | B) | the hair follicles in the scalp are much deeper than follicles in the eyelid. |
| | C) | the scalp hairs are more exposed to the sun, which stimulates growth. |
| | D) | the growth stage for scalp hairs is longer than for eyelash hairs. |
| | E) | the eyelash hair shaft consists of columns of dead keratinized epithelial cells. |
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| 28 | |
After the resting stage of hair growth, each hair normally |
| | A) | grows more rapidly. |
| | B) | falls out. |
| | C) | loses its pigmentation. |
| | D) | produces more melanocytes. |
| | E) | increases the depth of the hair follicle. |
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| 29 | |
Arrector pili muscles |
| | A) | consist of skeletal muscle fibers. |
| | B) | are attached directly to the hair shaft. |
| | C) | contract in response to frightening situations. |
| | D) | cause sweat glands to contract. |
| | E) | assist in the production of sebum. |
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| 30 | |
"Pattern baldness" |
| | A) | occurs only in men. |
| | B) | is not genetic. |
| | C) | occurs when vellus hairs are replaced by terminal hairs. |
| | D) | involves the hormone testosterone. |
| | E) | all of these |
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| 31 | |
Which glands of the skin possess all of the following characteristics? 1. secrete oily, white substance rich in lipids 2. open into a hair follicle 3. during secretion, lysis and death of secretory cells occurs |
| | A) | apocrine sweat glands |
| | B) | merocrine sweat glands |
| | C) | sebaceous glands |
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| 32 | |
Which of these parts of the body have the most merocrine sweat glands? |
| | A) | margins of the lips |
| | B) | soles of the feet |
| | C) | forearm |
| | D) | leg |
| | E) | back of neck |
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| 33 | |
Apocrine sweat glands |
| | A) | are found everywhere in the body except the palms of the hands. |
| | B) | produce secretions that are metabolized by bacteria to produce odor. |
| | C) | are functional even in babies. |
| | D) | are located in the external auditory meatus. |
| | E) | produce cerumen. |
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| 34 | |
Nails |
| | A) | grow from the nail matrix. |
| | B) | have a resting stage, similar to hair. |
| | C) | have a visible part, which is the nail bed. |
| | D) | have a hyponychium, which is the whitish, crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail. |
| | E) | contain proteoglycans and chondrocytes. |
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| 35 | |
The nail is __________ that contains hard keratin. |
| | A) | stratum basale |
| | B) | stratum corneum |
| | C) | stratum granulosum |
| | D) | stratum lucidum |
| | E) | stratum spinosum |
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| 36 | |
Which of these events occur as a result of a decrease in body temperature? |
| | A) | blood vessels in the epidermis dilate, at first |
| | B) | blood vessels in the dermis constrict if skin temperature falls below 15 degrees C |
| | C) | contraction of arrector pili muscles |
| | D) | sweat is produced |
| | E) | all of these |
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| 37 | |
Protective functions of the integumentary system include all of these EXCEPT: |
| | A) | callus formation prevents damage by friction. |
| | B) | nails protect the ends of digits. |
| | C) | hairs in the nose and ears prevent entry of foreign materials. |
| | D) | hair protects the head from abrasion and ultraviolet light. |
| | E) | skin glands produce alkaline secretions that kill bacteria. |
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| 38 | |
As a result of aging, the skin |
| | A) | increases the amount of elastic fibers in the dermis. |
| | B) | becomes thicker. |
| | C) | has decreased blood flow. |
| | D) | has increased activity of the sebaceous and sweat glands. |
| | E) | generally increases the amount of melanin produced. |
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| 39 | |
Which of these is NOT considered to be a cause of acne? |
| | A) | hormones, especially testosterone |
| | B) | a diet rich in fatty foods and chocolate |
| | C) | abnormal keratinization of hair follicles |
| | D) | an increase in sebum production |
| | E) | the bacterium Propionibacterium acnes |
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| 40 | |
Which of these qualities must a medication possess if it is absorbed from a skin patch? |
| | A) | lipid-soluble |
| | B) | water-soluble |
| | C) | must contain keratin |
| | D) | must be slightly acidic |
| | E) | must contain melanin |
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