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Multiple Choice
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1

External validity is the _________.
A)extent to which the findings may be generalized
B)ability to infer that there is a causal relationship between variables
C)procedure for controlling extraneous participant variables
D)extent the construct being measured is validity
2

According to research done by Smart (1966) and Sears (1986), approximately ________ of the studies published use college students as participants.
A)40%
B)50%
C)60%
D)70%
3

Volunteers in research studies tend to _______ than nonvolunteers.
A)have a higher socioeconomic status
B)be more highly educated
C)be more social
D)All of the above
4

Researchers that study contraception practices tend to use only females in their studies because ________.
A)men refuse to participate.
B)of gender bias due to stereotypical assumptions
C)researchers assume only women are responsible for contraception.
D)Both b and c.
5

If you question the generalizability of a study that used only males, you are suggesting that there is a(an) __________ between gender and the independent variable.
A)main effect
B)interaction
C)bias
D)validity threat
6

___________ provide(s) a safeguard against limited generalizability.
A)Cross-lagged research
B)Applied research studies
C)Replication of research studies
D)Face validity of the research
7

Which of the following is a source of a generalization problem?
A)the person who is actually conducting the experiment
B)pretesting participants
C)the characteristics of the participants
D)All of the above.
8

__________ realism refers to whether the experiment bears similarity to events that occur in the real world.
A)Experimental
B)Experimenter.
C)Mundane
D)External
9

_________ realism refers to whether the experiment has an impact on the participants, involves them, and makes them take the experiment seriously.
A)Experimental
B)Experimenter.
C)Mundane
D)External
10

Research on the results of lab and field experiments found that the results were ________.
A)very different
B)not consistent
C)very similar
D)not complimentary
11

An __________ is an attempt to replicate the precise procedures of a study to see whether the results are the same.
A)conceptual replication
B)exact replication
C)standard replication
D)simulation replication
12

In a __________, the same independent variable is manipulated in a different way and possibly the dependent measure is measured differently too.
A)conceptual replication
B)exact replication
C)standard replication
D)simulation replication





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