| concurrent validity | The construct validity of a measure is assessed by examining whether groups of people differ on the measure in expected ways.
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| construct validity | The degree to which a measurement device accurately measures the theoretical construct it is designed to measure.
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| convergent validity | The construct validity of a measure is assessed by examining the extent to which scores on the measure are related to scores on other measures of the same construct or similar constructs.
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| criterion-oriented validity | Techniques for determining construct validity that rely on assessing the relationship between scores on the measure and a criterion or outcome.
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| cronbach's alpha | An indicator of internal consistency reliability assessed by examining the average correlation of each item (question) in a measure with every other question.
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| discriminant validity | The construct validity of a measure is assessed by examining the extent to which scores on the measure are not related to scores on conceptually unrelated measures.
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| face validity | The degree to which a measurement device appears to accurately measure a variable.
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| internal consistency reliability | Reliability assessed with data collected at one point in time with multiple measures of a psychological construct. A measure is reliable when the multiple measures provide similar results.
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| interrater reliability | An indicator of reliability that examines the agreement of observations made by two or more raters (judges).
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| interval scale | A scale of measurement in which the intervals between numbers on the scale are all equal in size.
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| measurement error | The degree to which a measurement deviates from the true score value.
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| nominal scale | A scale of measurement with two or more categories that have no numerical (less than, greater than) properties.
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| ordinal scale | A scale of measurement in which the measurement categories form a rank order along a continuum.
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| pearson product-moment correlation coefficient | A type of correlation coefficient used with interval and ratio scale data. In addition to providing information on the strength of relationship between two variables, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient indicates the direction (positive or negative) of the relationship.
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| predictive validity | The construct validity of a measure is assessed by examining the ability of the measure to predict a future behavior.
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| ratio scale | A scale of measurement in which there is an absolute zero point, indicating an absence of the variable being measured. An implication is that ratios of numbers on the scale can be formed (generally, these are physical measures such as weight or timed measures such as duration or reaction time).
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| reactivity | A problem of measurement in which the measure changes the behavior being observed.
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| reliability | The degree to which a measure is consistent.
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| split-half reliability | A reliability coefficient determined by the correlation between scores on the first half of the items on a measure with scores on the second half of a measure.
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| test-retest reliability | A reliability coefficient determined by the correlation between scores on a measure given at one time with scores on the same measure given at a later time.
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| true score | An individual's actual score on a variable being measured, as opposed to the score the individual obtained on the measure itself.
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