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Whitehouse, W. G., Orne, E. C., & Dinges, D. F. (2002). Demand Characteristics: Toward an Understanding of Their Meaning and Application in Clinical Practice, Prevention & Treatment, 5.
http://www.journals.apa.org/prevention/volume5/pre0050034i.html ABSTRACTThe term demand characteristics was coined by Martin T. Orne as an extension of Kurt Lewin's "field theory" of personality to the analysis of behavioral motivation in a social context. Originally applied to the ecological validity of experimental research on human behavior, the concept has become increasingly relevant to contemporary issues regarding the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders. In this article, the authors seek to highlight points of impact and invite commentary from scientists and clinical professionals about their own understanding of the role of demand characteristics in psychotherapy. |