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| Exercise 20: Vertebrate Circulation Exercise 20 begins by having students study blood smears and components of blood. It continues with a study of the circulation of a shark. The study of mammalian circulation begins with the mammalian heart. The primary student dissection involves the circulatory system of the rat. A study of heart models helps students understand evolutionary changes in vertebrate circulatory systems. The exercise concludes with exercises demonstrating electrocardiograms and antibody action. Exercise 21: Vertebrate Respiration This exercise offers an opportunity for the student to study gas exchange organs of a fish (the shark) and a mammal (the rat). Shark gill structure is examined in a demonstration dissection, and lung structure and function are observed in a slide study and rat dissection. |