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Plants and Society, 4/e
Dr. Estelle Levetin, University of Tulsa
Karen McMahon, University of Tulsa
Psychoactive Plants

Chapter 20 Outline


Chapter Outline

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS 351
THE OPIUM POPPY 352
  An Ancient Curse 352
  The Opium Wars 353
  Opium Alkaloids 353
  Heroin 353
  Withdrawal 354
MARIJUANA 354
  Early History in China and India 355
  Spread to the West 356
  THC and Its Psychoactive Effects 356
  Medical Uses 357
ACLOSER LOOK 20.1—THE TROPANE ALKALOIDS ANDWITCHCRAFT 358
COCAINE 359
  South American Origins 359
  Freud, Holmes, and Coca-Cola 360
  Coke and Crack 360
  Medical Uses 361
  A Deadly Drug 361
TOBACCO 362
  A New World Habit 362
  Cultivation Practices 362
  Health Risks 362
PEYOTE 364
  Mescal Buttons 365
  Native American Church 365
KAVA—THE DRUG OF CHOICE IN THE PACIFIC 366
  Preparation of the Beverage 366
  Active Components in Kava 366
LESSER KNOWN PSYCHOACTIVE PLANTS 366
CHAPTER SUMMARY 367
REVIEW QUESTIONS 368
FURTHER READING 368
LEARNING ONLINE 368








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