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| 1 | |
Which of the following organs is a part of the upper respiratory system? |
| | A) | trachea |
| | B) | bronchi |
| | C) | nasal cavity |
| | D) | larynx |
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| 2 | |
The function of nasal hairs is to |
| | A) | collect mucus |
| | B) | moisten air |
| | C) | move nasal secretions to the pharynx |
| | D) | prevent entry of large particles in inspired air |
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| 3 | |
Paranasal sinuses are found in the |
| | A) | maxillary bone |
| | B) | frontal bone |
| | C) | ethmoid bone and sphenoid |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 4 | |
The function of the paranasal sinuses is to |
| | A) | reduce the weight of the skull |
| | B) | act as resonant chambers that affect voice quality |
| | C) | both |
| | D) | neither |
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| 5 | |
Which of the following structures does not participate in the production of speech? |
| | A) | tongue |
| | B) | epiglottis |
| | C) | lower folds of the larynx |
| | D) | lips |
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| 6 | |
The trachea is maintained in an open position by |
| | A) | cartilaginous rings |
| | B) | the amount of collagen in the wall of the trachea |
| | C) | the tone of trachea wall smooth muscle |
| | D) | the continuous flow of air through the trachea |
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| 7 | |
The right and left bronchi arise from the trachea at the |
| | A) | suprasternal notch |
| | B) | manubrium of the sternum |
| | C) | fifth thoracic vertebrae |
| | D) | eighth intercostal space |
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| 8 | |
Gas exchange takes place in the |
| | A) | length of the bronchial tree |
| | B) | bronchioles |
| | C) | alveoli |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 9 | |
The membrane that lines the thoracic cavity and forms the lateral walls of the mediastinum is the |
| | A) | visceral pleura |
| | B) | parietal pleura |
| | C) | both |
| | D) | neither |
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| 10 | |
The pressure in the thoracic cavity |
| | A) | does not change throughout the respiratory cycle |
| | B) | is less than atmospheric pressure during inspiration |
| | C) | the same as atmospheric pressure during expiration |
| | D) | increases above atmospheric pressure during inspiration |
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| 11 | |
Muscles other than the diaphragm that normally act to change the size of the thorax are the |
| | A) | splenius capitis |
| | B) | intercostals |
| | C) | pectoralis major |
| | D) | latissimus dorsi |
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| 12 | |
Surface tension in the pleural cavity is maintained by |
| | A) | the viscosity of the pleural fluid |
| | B) | creation of negative and positive electrical charges |
| | C) | the attraction of water molecules in pleural fluid |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 13 | |
Primary cancers of the lung usually arise in the |
| | A) | alveolar ducts |
| | B) | pleural membranes |
| | C) | bronchial epithelium |
| | D) | thoracic wall |
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| 14 | |
The force responsible for normal expiration comes mainly from |
| | A) | contraction of intercostal muscles |
| | B) | elastic recoil of tissues in the lung and thoracic wall |
| | C) | changes in the surface tension within the alveoli |
| | D) | contraction of abdominal muscles to push the diaphragm upward |
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| 15 | |
The air that enters and leaves the lungs during one quiet, resting respiratory cycle is called the |
| | A) | tidal volume |
| | B) | vital capacity |
| | C) | total lung capacity |
| | D) | functional residual capacity |
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| 16 | |
The neurons that control the basic rhythm of breathing are located in the |
| | A) | dorsal respiratory group |
| | B) | ventral respiratory group |
| | C) | pneumotaxic area |
| | D) | pontine respiratory cells |
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| 17 | |
The respiratory center responds to concentrations of |
| | A) | oxygen |
| | B) | carbon dioxide |
| | C) | hydroxyl groups |
| | D) | bicarbonate |
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| 18 | |
The inflation reflex is activated by |
| | A) | stretch receptors in the bronchioles and alveoli |
| | B) | an increase in hydrogen ions |
| | C) | a decrease in oxygen saturation |
| | D) | a sudden fall in blood pressure |
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| 19 | |
The layers of the respiratory membrane in the alveoli include |
| | A) | simple squamous epithelium of the alveolus |
| | B) | capillary endothelium |
| | C) | both |
| | D) | neither |
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| 20 | |
The most abundant gas in room air is |
| | A) | water vapor |
| | B) | oxygen |
| | C) | carbon dioxide |
| | D) | nitrogen |
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| 21 | |
Oxygen is transported in the blood |
| | A) | dissolved in plasma |
| | B) | combined with hemoglobin |
| | C) | both |
| | D) | neither |
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| 22 | |
Carbon dioxide is carried in the blood |
| | A) | dissolved in plasma |
| | B) | as part of a bicarbonate ion |
| | C) | bound to the amino groups of hemoglobin |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 23 | |
Nasal conchae, found on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity, increase the surface area of nasal mucus membrane. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 24 | |
Moisture is removed from air as it moves through the nasal cavity. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 25 | |
The larynx conducts air in and out of the trachea, keeps foreign objects out of the trachea, and houses the vocal cords. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 26 | |
The glottis is a flap-like structure that closes the larynx. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 27 | |
As the branches of the bronchioles become smaller, there are fewer smooth muscle fibers in their walls. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 28 | |
The right and left lungs each have three lobes: an upper, middle, and a lower lobe. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 29 | |
When the diaphragm contracts, the size of the thoracic cavity increases, and pressure within the cavity decreases. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 30 | |
Attraction of the pleural membranes for each other helps maintain reduced pressure in the thorax compared to the atmosphere. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 31 | |
Both inspiration and expiration are normally active processes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 32 | |
Contraction of the internal intercostal and abdominal muscles can squeeze higher than normal volumes of air from the lungs. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 33 | |
Hydrogen ion concentration stimulates the respiratory center to increase the respiratory rate and tidal volume. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 34 | |
Hyperventilation is safely used by swimmers to hold their breath while swimming. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 35 | |
Gases in the alveoli must cross two layers of epithelium and a layer of fused basement membrane to reach the blood. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 36 | |
The partial pressure of a gas is the same in a mixture of gases and when those gases are dissolved in liquid. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 37 | |
Less oxygen is released from oxyhemoglobin in an acidic environment. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 38 | |
Carbon monoxide is toxic to the body because it forms a stable compound with hemoglobin. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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