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1
Which of the following comprises the kidney's transport system?
A)tubules and pelvis
B)urethra and ureters
C)bladder
D)urinary meatus
2
The kidneys are located
A)within the abdominal cavity
B)between the seventh and twelfth thoracic vertebrae
C)posterior to the parietal peritoneum
D)just below the diaphragm
3
A series of small elevations that project into the renal pelvis from the substance of the kidney are called
A)renal pyramids
B)the renal medulla
C)renal calyces
D)renal papillae
4
The blood supply to the nephrons of the kidney is via the
A)renal artery
B)interlobular arteries
C)arcurate artery
D)afferent arterioles
5
The vessel(s) used by surgeons to transplant a kidney is (are) the
A)renal artery
B)renal vein
C)iliac artery and vein
D)all of the above
6
Which of the following structures is not a part of the renal corpuscle?
A)glomerulus
B)glomerular capsule
C)descending loop
D)Bowman's capsule
7
Which of the following renal structures is found in the medulla of the kidney?
A)proximal convoluted tubule
B)collecting duct
C)distal convoluted tubule
D)glomerulus
8
Blood leaving the capillary cluster of the glomerulus enters the
A)afferent arteriole
B)efferent arteriole
C)peritubular capillary system
D)renal vein
9
High pressure is maintained in the glomerulus because
A)the wall of an arteriole is less compliant than that of a venule
B)the diameter of the efferent arteriole is less than that of the afferent arteriole
C)both
D)neither
10
The transport mechanism used in the glomerulus is
A)filtration
B)osmosis
C)active transport
D)diffusion
11
The fluid formed in the capillary cluster of the nephron is the same as blood plasma except for the absence of
A)glucose
B)larger molecules of plasma protein
C)bicarbonate ions
D)creatinine
12
Which of the following factors affect glomerular filtration rate?
A)constriction or dilatation of afferent and efferent arterioles
B)plasma osmotic pressure
C)hydrostatic pressure
D)all of the above
13
The juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney secrete renin in response to
A)a decreased blood pressure
B)low blood volume
C)a need to conserve sodium, and chloride ions
D)all of the above
14
How much fluid filters through the glomerulus in a 24-hour period?
A)11/2 quarts
B)2 cups
C)5-10 quarts
D)45 gallons
15
Which of the following substances are normally present in glomerular filtrate but not in urine?
A)urea
B)sodium
C)potassium
D)glucose
16
Most of tubular reabsorption takes place in the
A)proximal convoluted tubule
B)distal convoluted tubule
C)descending limb of the loop of Henle
D)ascending limb of the loop of Henle
17
Water reabsorption from the kidney tubule is a passive process dependent on the reabsorption of
A)sodium
B)bicarbonate
C)potassium
D)chloride
18
The permeability of the distal segment of the tubule to water is regulated by
A)blood pressure
B)ADH
C)Sodium concentration
D)Potassium levels
19
Aldosterone secretion is regulated by
A)plasma concentration of sodium and potassium ions
B)Angiotensin II
C)both
D)neither
20
The mechanism by which greater amounts of a substance may be excreted in urine that were filtered from the plasma is
A)tubular absorption
B)active transport
C)pinocytosis
D)tubular secretion
21
Substances that are secreted into the kidney tubules include all but
A)penicillin
B)hydrogen ions
C)chloride ions
D)histamine
22
The normal output of urine for an adult in an hour is
A)0-30ml
B)30-40ml
C)40-50ml
D)50-60ml
23
Urine moves along the ureters to the bladder via
A)hydrostatic pressure
B)peristalsis
C)gravity
D)negative pressure
24
The third layer of the bladder wall is composed of smooth muscle fibers and is called the
A)micturition muscle
B)detrusor muscle
C)urinary muscle
D)sympathetic muscle
25
Which of the following structures is under conscious control?
A)external urethral sphincter
B)internal urethral sphincter
C)both
D)neither
26
Shigatoxin, produced by Eschericheria coli, can be transported by the blood to the kidney where the toxin destroys cells of the kidney's filter system.
A)True
B)False
27
The left kidney is slightly higher than the right one.
A)True
B)False
28
The kidney is composed of three layers connected by the renal columns.
A)True
B)False
29
Erythropoietin controls the rate of leukocyte production.
A)True
B)False
30
Venous blood leaves the kidney via the renal vein which joins the inferior vena cava in the abdomen.
A)True
B)False
31
The renal corpuscle is comprised of the glomerulus, a tangled cluster of capillaries.
A)True
B)False
32
The peritubular capillary system is a high-pressure system.
A)True
B)False
33
Shock, a sudden decrease in arterial blood pressure, can damage kidney cells and lead to chronic renal failure.
A)True
B)False
34
The glomerular filtration rate is inversely proportional to filtration pressure.
A)True
B)False
35
The average glomerular filtration rate for both kidneys in healthy adults is 125ml/minute.
A)True
B)False
36
Angiotensin II stimulates release of aldosterone, which stimulates reabsorption of sodium in the tubules.
A)True
B)False
37
About 80% of blood flows through the kidney each minute to undergo filtration in the glomerulus.
A)True
B)False
38
Different segments of the renal tubule are specialized to reabsorb specific substances and a variety of transport mechanisms are used throughout the tubule.
A)True
B)False
39
There is a ceiling on the amount of glucose that can be reabsorbed because its reabsorption is dependent on a carrier mechanism.
A)True
B)False
40
The amount of urea in the plasma is directly proportional to the amount of protein in the diet.
A)True
B)False
41
The urethra carries urine outside the body.
A)True
B)False
42
The inner layer of the ureters or the mucous coat is continuous with the linings of the renal tubules and the urinary bladder.
A)True
B)False





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