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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1

Which of the following is defined as a tiny particle that cannot be subdivided into smaller substances without losing its properties?
A)Matter
B)Atom
C)Proton
D)Neutron
E)Electron
2

Scientists use isotopes of various elements to determine the age of specific samples. What is different about isotopes that allow them to be used in this manner?
A)The number of neutrons.
B)The number of electrons.
C)The number of protons.
D)The proportion of isotopes concentrated in fossils relative to the rest of the organic matter on earth.
E)They are Martian microbes.
3

Which of the following defines a molecule?
A)The donation of or sharing of electrons
B)A combination of two or more different elements
C)The volume in space where electrons are likely to be found
D)A chemical substance that results from the combination of two or more atoms
E)A subatomic particle that is positively charged
4

What type of bond results when electrons are donated from one atom to another?
A)Covalent
B)Polar
C)Ionic
D)Hydrogen
E)Glycosidic
5

What characteristic of the water molecule allows it to play an extensive role in many biological reactions?
A)It is a neutral molecule.
B)It is a cation.
C)Its chemical formula is H2O.
D)It is a polar molecule.
E)It forms ionic bonds with other water molecules.
6

A positively charged ion is known as a what?
A)Anion
B)Neutron
C)Cation
D)Oxidizing agent
E)Polar molecule
7

Which of the following statements regarding hydrogen bonds is incorrect?
A)They commonly form between a hydrogen in one molecule and an oxygen or nitrogen in another molecule.
B)They occur between water molecules.
C)They are a type of attractive force between nearby molecules or atoms.
D)They are partly responsible for the structure and stability of proteins and nucleic acids.
E)They are strong bonds.
8

What accounts for most of the energy exchange in cells?
A)Hydrogen bonds
B)Movement of electrons from molecule to molecule
C)Electrolytes
D)Chemical formulas of the reactants
E)The pH of the cell
9

What is the most common solvent in natural systems?
A)Water
B)Ethanol
C)Methanol
D)Lactic acid
E)Acetic acid
10

Under what conditions do most cells, including those of humans, function best?
A)pH 1
B)pH 4
C)pH 7
D)pH 10
E)pH 14
11

What element is the fundamental element of life?
A)Nitrogen
B)Hydrogen
C)Sodium
D)Oxygen
E)Carbon
12

Which of the following is not one of the four main families of organic compounds?
A)Carbohydrates
B)Lipids
C)Nucleic acids
D)Monosaccharides
E)Proteins
13

Disaccharides and polysaccharides contain monosaccharides joined together by what type of bonds?
A)Covalent
B)Hydrogen
C)Ionic
D)Peptide
E)Glycosidic
14

Polysaccharides are present in all but which cell structure components?
A)Lipopolysaccharide
B)Glycocalyx
C)Phospholipids
D)Peptidoglycan
E)Cellulose
15

Which of the main groups of compounds classified as lipids are significant in the formation of biological membranes?
A)Triglycerides
B)Phospholipids
C)Fatty acids
D)Steroids
E)Waxes
16

According to the fluid mosaic model proposed by Singer and Nicholson, which of the following is untrue regarding membrane structure?
A)A membrane is a continuous bilayer.
B)Membranes are static and do not change.
C)Various globular proteins are embedded within the bilayer.
D)The bilayer is formed by lipids that are oriented with the polar lipid heads toward the outside and the nonpolar tails toward the center of the membrane.
E)The bilayer membrane is selectively permeable.
17

What is the most common organic molecule in a cell?
A)Proteins
B)Lipids
C)Polysaccharides
D)Carbon dioxide
E)Nucleic acids
18

Among the groups which make a typical amino acid, which one imparts the unique characteristics to a molecule and to the proteins that contain it?
A)Carbon.
B)Amino group.
C)Carboxyl group.
D)Variable R group.
E)A hydrogen atom.
19

Amino acids are joined together by what type of bond?
A)Covalent
B)Hydrogen
C)Ionic
D)Peptide
E)Glycosidic
20

What level of protein structure arises when various functional groups exposed on the outer surface of the protein molecule interact by forming hydrogen bonds?
A)Primary
B)Secondary
C)Tertiary
D)-helix
E)Quaternary
21

Which of the following agents does not cause protein denaturation?
A)Neutral pH
B)Heat
C)Alcohol
D)Certain chemical disinfectants
E)Acidic pH
22

Which of the following is not a component of all nucleotides?
A)Nitrogen base
B)Pentose sugar
C)Deoxyribose
D)Phosphate
E)Purine or pyrimidine
23

What base always binds with adenine in DNA?
A)Uracil
B)Cytosine
C)Guanine
D)Adenine
E)Thymine
24

The structure of RNA differs slightly from that of DNA. Which of the following describes this difference?
A)DNA contains deoxyribose, while RNA contains ribose.
B)DNA contains a phosphate group, while RNA contains a sulfur group.
C)DNA contains a 5-carbon sugar, while RNA contains a 6-carbon sugar.
D)DNA does not contain nitrogen bases, while RNA does.
E)DNA is composed of four possible nitrogen bases, while RNA is composed of five possible nitrogen bases.
25

What is not a fundamental characteristic of all cells?
A)They tend to be spherical, polygonal, cubical, or cylindrical in shape.
B)Their internal cell contents are encased in a cell or cytoplasmic membrane.
C)They are unicellular or multicellular.
D)They are complex in function.
E)They have chromosomes composed of RNA.







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