 |
1 | |
With gender equality being a prominent issue in the United States during the last 20 years |
| | A) | there has been a trend toward male roles becoming more masculine and female roles becoming more feminine. |
| | B) | the United States has begun to adopt more flexible sex roles whereas other countries’ sex roles remain more rigid. |
| | C) | sex roles have changed so dramatically that we are now beginning to see a trend toward more traditional roles. |
| | D) | sex-role stereotypes have changed very little |
|
|
2 | |
Gender-role standards have been shown to shape behavior differences in boys and girls beginning with |
| | A) | infancy. |
| | B) | elementary school. |
| | C) | preschool. |
| | D) | middle school. |
|
|
3 | |
In regard to sex-appropriate standards of behavior, which of the following would be least likely to occur? |
| | A) | A father allows his daughter to play baseball. |
| | B) | A mother allows her daughter to play baseball. |
| | C) | A father allows his son to cuddle a doll. |
| | D) | A mother allows her son to cuddle a doll. |
|
|
4 | |
George and Georgiana have a very equal marriage. They share household responsibilities and they have equal incomes. Soon they will be having their first child. What will likely happen when the child arrives? |
| | A) | They will strive to model flexible sex-role standards for their child. |
| | B) | Their marital roles will remain unchanged. |
| | C) | Their marital roles will shift toward even greater equality. |
| | D) | Their marital roles will become more traditional. |
|
|
5 | |
Men tend to become more _____ and women become _____ more as they grow old. |
| | A) | autonomous; expressive |
| | B) | irritable; nurturant |
| | C) | expressive; autonomous |
| | D) | expressive; nurturant |
|
|
6 | |
Pat is a female child who was mistakenly raised as a boy due to prenatal hormonal anomalies. Pat will likely experience gender-role difficulties |
| | A) | unless gender reassignment occurs between the ages of 18 months to 3 years. |
| | B) | unless gender reassignment occurs between the ages of 3 to 5 years. |
| | C) | unless gender reassignment occurs anytime before puberty. |
| | D) | regardless of when or if gender reassignment occurs. |
|
|
7 | |
Sara believes that when her brother has long hair and likes cooking, he is no longer a boy. Sara has not yet reached which of Kohlberg’s stages of gender-typing? |
| | A) | Gender conformity |
| | B) | Gender constancy |
| | C) | Gender identity |
| | D) | Gender stability |
|
|
8 | |
Which of the following is a gender-schematic child most likely to distort during recall? |
| | A) | A picture of a boy playing with a doll. |
| | B) | A picture of a boy playing with a toy train. |
| | C) | A picture of a girl playing with a tea set. |
| | D) | A picture of a girl playing with a sewing machine. |
|
|
9 | |
Much of the gender-differentiated treatment received by children from their parents seems to be related to |
| | A) | physical activity. |
| | B) | achievement. |
| | C) | interpersonal skills. |
| | D) | assertiveness. |
|
|
10 | |
Permanent father absence has the most severe effects on sons during which period? |
| | A) | Late adolescence |
| | B) | Early adolescence |
| | C) | Between 5 and 10 years old |
| | D) | Before the age of 5 |
|
|
11 | |
Lucy and Ricky brought their baby boy home in a blue outfit, wrapped in a football-print blanket. The baby’s room is decorated with baseball and football mobiles. Without even realizing it, Lucy and Ricky are |
| | A) | creating a gender-free environment. |
| | B) | gender-role typing the baby. |
| | C) | encouraging androgyny. |
| | D) | displaying concern about their child’s masculinity. |
|
|
12 | |
The expression of warmth, and suppression of overt aggression and sexuality, are regarded as more appropriate for __________ than __________.
|
| | A) | men; women |
| | B) | women; men |
| | C) | children; adolescents |
| | D) | teachers; pupils |
|
|
13 | |
In which of the following areas were equivocal gender differences found to exist? |
| | A) | Cognitive development |
| | B) | Sociability |
| | C) | Exploratory activity |
| | D) | Self-esteem |
|
|
14 | |
Perhaps the best way to view gender typing is as |
| | A) | an ongoing and changing process throughout development. |
| | B) | an activity of childhood, once established, always the same. |
| | C) | an activity of adolescence and early adulthood. |
| | D) | an insignificant event that has little relevance to most individuals. |
|
|
15 | |
Bob has been in three fights over the last two days. He lost all of them, and was actually hurt quite badly the last time. Bob will probably experience a drop in what hormonal levels as a result of losing? |
| | A) | Testosterone |
| | B) | Estrogen |
| | C) | Progesterone |
| | D) | Prolactin |
|
|
16 | |
According to Kohlberg’s cognitive theory of the development of gender typing, children’s differentiation of gender roles and their perception of themselves as more similar to same-sex models occurs before
|
| | A) | stereotyping. |
| | B) | gender identification. |
| | C) | a gender schema develops. |
| | D) | completion of the Oedipus complex. |
|
|
17 | |
Which of the following research findings regarding gender-schema theory is incorrect? |
| | A) | Young children appear to rely more on gender schemas than older children. |
| | B) | “Gender schematic” children display better memories for gender-consistent information. |
| | C) | “Gender aschematic” children focus more on nongender aspects of information. |
| | D) | Children show little variations in the extent to which they have well-formed gender schemas. |
|
|
18 | |
Which of the following sex differences has been observed in the way parents treat their children? |
| | A) | Girls are encouraged equally as boys to be independent and achieve. |
| | B) | Girls are allowed to run errands and engage in venturesome activities at the same time as boys. |
| | C) | Parents tend to be more apprehensive about their sons as opposed to daughters. |
| | D) | Boys are more likely to be left unsupervised after school in comparison to girls. |
|
|
19 | |
What types of behaviors do teachers, regardless of their gender, tend to prefer? |
| | A) | Female-typical behaviors. |
| | B) | Male-typical behaviors. |
| | C) | Assertive and competitive behaviors. |
| | D) | Cross-gender behaviors. |
|
|
20 | |
Possessing both masculine and feminine characteristics with respect to psychology and/or appearance is referred to as |
| | A) | androgyny. |
| | B) | hermaphroditism. |
| | C) | transvestite. |
| | D) | morphogeny. |
|