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1

Erik Erikson’s fifth stage of psychosocial development is , in which an adolescent seeks to develop a coherent sense of self, including the role she or he is to play in society. The concept of , a coherent conception of the self, made up of goals, values, and beliefs to which a person is solidly committed, was a critical one for Erikson.
2

James Marcia defined four statuses, or states of ego development that depend on the presence or absence of crisis and commitment. refers to a period of conscious decision making related to identity formation, while refers to personal investment in an occupation or system of beliefs.
3

The four identity statuses described by James Marcia are , crisis leading to commitment; , commitment without crisis; , crisis with no commitment yet; and , no commitment, no crisis.
4

Jean Phinney’s research on ethnic identity with high school students found that those classified in the category showed better overall adjustment than those in the three other groups, , , or .
5

refers to the focus of consistent sexual, romantic, and affectionate interest, either heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual.
6

are diseases that are spread by sexual contact.
7

According to some estimates, the most prevalent STD is , which sometimes produces warts on the genitals. Both HPV and , a chronic, recurring, often painful, and highly contagious virus, have been associated in women with increased incidence of .
8

The , which causes AIDS, is transmitted through , usually by sharing of or by with an infected partner.
9

G. Stanley Hall suggested the notion of , a pattern of emotional turmoil that involves conflict with family, alienation from adult society, reckless behavior, and rejection of adult values. Contrary to Hall’s belief, of adolescents are seriously affected.
10

As adolescents gain autonomy and develop more mature family relationships, they continue to look to parents for , , and .
11

Adolescents in economically distressed families can benefit from , the support of kin and community.
12

Sociometric studies have identified five per status groups: , , , , and .
13

While seem to pay a major part in choosing friends generally, the choice of peers is affected mainly by factors.
14

An individual’s capacity for intimacy is related to and . Friendships indicate a bidirectional process at work in that good friendships foster , which in term foster good .





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