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1

Four approaches to adult psychosocial development are the models, a definite sequence of age-related changes; , a response to the expected or unexpected occurrence and timing of important life events; models, which focus on mental, emotional, temperamental, and behavior traits or attributes; and models, that identify broad personality types or styles.
2

Erik Erikson described the crisis of young adulthood as , in which young adults either make commitments to others or face a possible sense of isolation and consequent self-absorption.
3

Vaillant identified four characteristic patterns, or of how men adapt to the circumstances of their lives: , , , and . In Levinson’s theory is an evolving , the underlying pattern of a person’s life at a given time, built on whatever aspects of life the person finds most important.
4

In the timing-of-events model of personality development, are those commonly expected life experiences that occur at customary times; normative events that occur “off time” become . In this model, people are aware of the , a set of cultural norms or expectations for the times of life when certain important events (e.g., marriage) should occur.
5

Costa and McCrae proposed a of personality, based on the “Big Five” factors underlying clusters of related personality traits: , , , , and .
6

Among the basic personality types identified by the approach to personality are , or well adjusted; , or shy, quiet, anxious, and dependable; and , active, energetic, impulsive, stubborn, and easily distracted.
7

Sternberg’s theory of love says that patterns of love hinge on the balance among , the emotional element that involves self0disclosure, which leads to connection, warmth, and trust; , the motivational element, based on inner drives related to sexual desire; and , the cognitive element involved in the decision to stay together.
8

Attitudes about sex include those that are , sex is permissible only for reproductive purposes within marriage; , whatever feels good and doesn’t hurt anyone is fine; and , sex should be accompanied by love or affection, not necessarily marriage.
9

The process of openly disclosing one’s homosexual orientation, or , generally occurs in four stages: , , , and .
10

is a lifestyle in which an unmarried couple involved in a sexual relationship live together; it is sometimes called a or union.
11

have sex more often than , but less than ; and report more emotional satisfaction than either or .
12

In a sample of new mothers age 16 to 38, the mothers tended to be more affectionate and sensitive to their babies and more effective in encouraging desired behavior. A subsample of fathers over the age of spent more leisure time with their children, had higher expectations for positive behavior, and were more nurturing than fathers.
13

Today, fathers are involved with their children’s lives than at previous times; fathers spend time with children than mothers in TV viewing, outdoor play, and coaching and teaching sports.
14

In dual income households, fathers spend approximately more on household chores and more with their children on workdays than in 1977; and they do approximately the domestic work and child care as their employed wives.





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