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1 | |
During early childhood |
| | A) | girls grow faster than boys. |
| | B) | boys grow faster than girls. |
| | C) | although girls are slightly taller than boys, they grow at approximately the same rate. |
| | D) | although boys are slightly taller than girls, they grow at approximately the same rate. |
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2 | |
In some developing countries, such as Egypt, Morocco, and Zambia, |
| | A) | a larger proportion of 4-year-olds suffer from malnutrition than from obesity. |
| | B) | an equal number of 4-year-olds suffer from malnutrition as from obesity. |
| | C) | a larger proportion of 4-year-olds suffer from obesity than from malnutrition. |
| | D) | malnutrition is no longer a serious problem, and obesity is not a major concern. |
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3 | |
In early childhood, to minimize children's problems with falling asleep, parents should |
| | A) | establish regular, consistent sleep routines for their children. |
| | B) | feed their children before bedtime to make them sleepy. |
| | C) | rock their children to sleep. |
| | D) | let their children stay up as long as they want, then wake them early in the morning to teach them the importance of going to bed on time. |
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4 | |
The leading cause of death for children and adolescents in the United States is |
| | A) | dehydration. |
| | B) | measles. |
| | C) | automobile accidents. |
| | D) | second hand smoke. |
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5 | |
The chief environmental factor associated with poor health of children and adolescents is |
| | A) | low income. |
| | B) | second hand smoke. |
| | C) | parental alcoholism. |
| | D) | parental divorce. |
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6 | |
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, Naila, a 4-year-old, would be limited with respect to which aspect of thinking? |
| | A) | understanding cause and effect |
| | B) | classification |
| | C) | empathy |
| | D) | reversibility |
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7 | |
Anita's parents told her she could only take one doll with her to the restaurant. It took her a long time to decide because she didn't want to hurt any of her dolls' feelings by picking one and leaving the others at home. This demonstrates which Piagetian concept? |
| | A) | animism |
| | B) | transduction |
| | C) | classification |
| | D) | theory of mind. |
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8 | |
4-year-old Evan was surprised at his parents' concern when they could not find him for an hour because he took a walk by himself. "I knew where I was, and I knew I was okay," he replied, demonstrating what Piaget would term |
| | A) | egocentrism. |
| | B) | animism. |
| | C) | transduction. |
| | D) | theory of mind. |
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9 | |
Research on young children's theory of mind suggests that |
| | A) | most 3-year-olds understand that people can hold mental representations of reality that can sometimes be wrong. |
| | B) | most 3-year-olds lack an understanding of the role of intent in deception. |
| | C) | most 3-year-olds can pretend themselves, but cannot tell when someone else is pretending. |
| | D) | the methods researchers use to determine 3-year-olds' theory of mind can affect the results of the research. |
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10 | |
Which child is most likely to have problems with such theory of mind issues as understanding false beliefs? |
| | A) | Chad, whose teachers constantly rate him high on social skills |
| | B) | Laurel, who began speaking early and has excellent language skills |
| | C) | Freddie, whose parents tell him that pretending is the same thing as telling a lie. |
| | D) | Yani, whose father talks to her about how characters in a story feel. |
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11 | |
Which sentence would be most difficult for a 5-year-old child to interpret correctly? |
| | A) | Billy was followed by the dog. |
| | B) | The dog followed Billy. |
| | C) | Billy followed the dog. |
| | D) | Billy followed the dog because he wanted to play with it. |
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12 | |
Which child is least likely to become a good reader and writer? |
| | A) | Amara, whose mother asks questions and make comments to get Amara to elaborate on things her daughter says. |
| | B) | Ward, whose parents use simple vocabulary and directive statements when they converse with him. |
| | C) | Merrily, whose father has been reading to her every night since she was born. |
| | D) | Clarence, who watches Sesame Street every day. |
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13 | |
In the United States, which type of school is most likely to produce children who excel in basic academic skills, more advanced motor skills, and higher scores on behavioral and communicative skills? |
| | A) | society-centered |
| | B) | child-initiated |
| | C) | academically directed |
| | D) | middle-of-the-road |
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14 | |
Research on compensatory preschool programs has found |
| | A) | Project Head Start has not been successful in achieving its goals. |
| | B) | the gains achieved by children from early intervention programs continue long after the children are through with the program. |
| | C) | programs such as Project Head Start have helped disadvantaged children catch up with middle-class children in school achievement on standardized tests. |
| | D) | the best results from compensatory programs have been found with earlier and longer lasting interventions. |
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