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1 | |
Connie decides to allow her class of fifth-grade children to decide for themselves where they should sit in the classroom. Connie's only provision is that the children arrange the desks in groups of three. When the children finalize their new desk arrangement, she is surprised to find that each group consists of same-gender peers. Psychologists refer to this phenomenon as |
| | A) | mainstreaming |
| | B) | educational self-fulfilling prophecy |
| | C) | locus of control |
| | D) | gender cleavage |
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2 | |
Your child is in the industry vs. inferiority stage of psychosocial development. Which adult would Erikson probably advise you to talk to concerning helping your child resolve this crisis positively? |
| | A) | religious leader |
| | B) | teacher |
| | C) | police officer |
| | D) | grandparent |
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3 | |
You are babysitting a typical 9-year-old. Of the following, she is most likely to be afraid of |
| | A) | a dark room |
| | B) | a ghost |
| | C) | failing an exam |
| | D) | a troll under the bridge |
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4 | |
Marcus' father doesn't really want to spend a lot of time with him and he is never home to eat with Marcus. His father is most likely to be |
| | A) | a biological parent |
| | B) | a stepparent |
| | C) | single |
| | D) | Hispanic and educated |
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5 | |
In a sociogram, Phil is the class social isolate. He is most likely to be |
| | A) | hyperactive |
| | B) | the teacher's pet |
| | C) | too extroverted |
| | D) | none of the above |
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6 | |
Jamie was anxious about her upcoming spelling test. She started showing some signs of stress. You tell her that failing one test will not affect her chances of getting into college. She listens, agrees, and begins to relax. You have relied on an appeal to |
| | A) | problem-focused coping |
| | B) | emotional-focused coping |
| | C) | external locus of control |
| | D) | internal locus of control |
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7 | |
You are a sixth grade teacher. Around November, a new teacher at your school seems distressed in the faculty lounge because she states that the girls and boys in her fifth grade class just don't get along. There's a lot of teasing, name calling, and sometimes loud disagreements over nearly everything between the boys and girls in your class. The girls blame the boys. The boys blame the girls. What should she do? As the teacher with more experience, you are likely to tell her |
| | A) | the class needs discipline and order; provide more structure and less opportunity for discussion - and they'll get along just fine |
| | B) | the class is acting normally for their ages - gender segregation seems to be a part of normal development |
| | C) | the class needs to be punished, so make arrangements for the culprits to stay after school |
| | D) | to call in the parents; she'll need their cooperation to straighten out the problem |
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8 | |
Karen, the psychologist in an elementary school, is conducting a behavioral observation on a fourth-grader. Karen enters the classroom during "snack time" and observes the child talking to a group of girls at her desk. According to Maccoby's research depicting the characteristic ways in which girls behave in same-gender groups, Karen would most likely witness the girls engage in which of the following behaviors? |
| | A) | interrupting one another |
| | B) | calling each other names |
| | C) | using commands and threats when responding to each other |
| | D) | pausing to give each other a chance to speak |
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9 | |
Midway though the school year, Kirsten decides that she wants to modify the seating chart in her fifth grade classroom to achieve an optimal level of compatibility between her students. In order to assess the patterns of attraction, rejection, and indifference among the children in her class, psychologists would recommend that she conduct a |
| | A) | social skills rating |
| | B) | sociometry exercise |
| | C) | home visit |
| | D) | family history analysis |
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10 | |
A sixth grade student is described by his peers as noisy, attention-seeking, and arrogant. According to behavioral research, he would most likely be labeled as which of the following? |
| | A) | social isolate |
| | B) | mesomorph |
| | C) | hyperactive |
| | D) | introverted |
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11 | |
Sociologists such as Cooley and Mead would maintain that other people serve the role of a(n) ________ in affecting self-esteem. |
| | A) | magnifying glass |
| | B) | mirror |
| | C) | microscope |
| | D) | amplifier |
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12 | |
Your neighbor's 8 year old son is always putting himself down when he speaks, and he relies on other children to tell him what to do. On the basis of the research on self-esteem, you might conclude that his |
| | A) | father does not allow him to engage in give-and-take discussions concerning how the house chores are decided |
| | B) | father treats him in a matter-of-fact, neutral manner while praising good behavior |
| | C) | mother is a loving parent who allows him to break rules occasionally |
| | D) | father lets him do everything for himself and then praises him liberally |
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13 | |
The Wilsons recently divorced, and they are concerned about the impact their separation will have on the emotional development of their 11 year old daughter, Leslie. According to Coopersmith's analysis of the kinds of parental practices that are associated with the development of high levels of self-esteem in children, the Wilsons should do all of the following except |
| | A) | maintain a high level of self-esteem for themselves |
| | B) | set and enforce clearly defined limits for Leslie's behavior |
| | C) | show respect for Leslie's rights and opinions |
| | D) | set no limitations on Leslie's behavior |
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14 | |
You work in a shelter for run-away, homeless youth in a large city. Your clients tell you stories of beatings, neglect, and alcohol, drug, and sex abuse - behavior they've experienced in their own homes from their own parents. From your background in adolescent psychology, you come to the conclusion that none of the teenagers have good self-esteem. You can also reach the conclusion from Coopersmith's research that their parents |
| | A) | wanted to set strong limits for their children, but their children fell in with a "bad crowd" and became rebellious |
| | B) | had tried to show approval and acceptance of their children up to the onset of the turbulent adolescent years |
| | C) | could have been warm, responsive people, but their children were born belligerent and difficult and this affected the parents' psychological well-being |
| | D) | probably have low self-esteem themselves and are unlikely to be able to listen to and respect their own children |
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15 | |
Which implementation would be most effective in promoting a sense of interracial friendliness in a school district? |
| | A) | an interracial high school basketball league |
| | B) | an interracial middle school chess club |
| | C) | an interracial soccer league for upper elementary school students |
| | D) | an interracial learning team made up of kindergarten and first grade children |
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16 | |
James is a new third grade teacher, and he wishes to establish a reward system in his classroom that facilitates children's intrinsic interest in activities. According to the research conducted by Lepper and Greene, in deciding on a type of reinforcement schedule, James should adhere most closely to which of the following guidelines? |
| | A) | Reward the children in a highly unpredictable manner. |
| | B) | Use rewards only when necessary to draw children into activities that do not at first attract their interest. |
| | C) | Consistently reward children for good behavior by offering lavish praise, gold stars, and other extrinsic rewards. |
| | D) | Never give the children any reward, regardless of their interest level in a specific activity. |
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17 | |
Margaret is concerned about how her son, Michael, will respond to the results of his recent unit test in social studies. Research on the attributions of causality suggests that she should be most concerned if Michael reacts with which of the following explanations of his test performance? |
| | A) | "I failed because I did not put much effort into studying." |
| | B) | "I failed because I was not lucky." |
| | C) | "I was successful because I am smart. |
| | D) | "I was successful because I got lucky." |
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18 | |
Roberta believes she has done a great deal of diligent work in her seventh grade science class and feels that she is solely responsible for determining her final grade. According to research on the attributions of causality, Roberta is most likely to have |
| | A) | an external locus of control |
| | B) | a need to be intrinsically motivated |
| | C) | an internal locus of control |
| | D) | a need to be extrinsically motivated |
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19 | |
Maria's family is considered to be in the upper class in socioeconomic status (SES). Psychologists would be the least likely to attribute the positive relationship between Maria's high educational achievement and her SES to which of the following? |
| | A) | bias of teachers toward middle-and upper-class youngsters |
| | B) | subcultural differences in regard to their expectations about academics |
| | C) | educational self-fulfilling prophecies |
| | D) | the low value assigned. to education by parents of middle- and upper-class children |
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20 | |
Your son is an average "C" student, and your daughter is an "A" student. Your daughter's teacher gets your son in a class and assumes that he will be an "A" student, too. Your son's grades improve. This demonstrates |
| | A) | gender cleavage |
| | B) | the middle-class bias effect |
| | C) | the effects of excellent teaching |
| | D) | an educational self-fulfilling prophecy |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education