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1 | |
An adult is compulsively neat, orderly, and stingy. Freudian psychologists would say that this individual may have |
| | A) | been weaned too early in the oral stage |
| | B) | experienced a conflict related to toilet training in the anal stage |
| | C) | never resolved his Oedipus conflict in the phallic stage |
| | D) | been fixated at the guilt stage |
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2 | |
Using psychoanalytic theory, which argument would support more natural weaning on the baby's own timetable? |
| | A) | The child will develop a dislike for its parents. |
| | B) | The child will fail to identify with the parent of the same sex. |
| | C) | The child will continue to suckle, preventing excessive oral behaviors. |
| | D) | The child is likely to develop a conformist personality. |
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3 | |
Alex was severely criticized by his teachers whenever he failed to complete difficult math problems correctly. Now he feels that he is "stupid" in math. According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, which crisis is this indicative of? |
| | A) | identity vs. role confusion |
| | B) | autonomy vs. shame and doubt |
| | C) | industry vs. inferiority |
| | D) | initiative vs. guilt |
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4 | |
A couple feels the desire to start a family. Erikson would say they are in which stage? |
| | A) | identity vs. role confusion |
| | B) | generativity vs. stagnation |
| | C) | industry vs. inferiority |
| | D) | satisfaction vs. complacency |
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5 | |
Peter has learned to associate a grimace on his mother's face with a "time out." If he gets anxious when his mother grimaces, his anxiety is due to |
| | A) | the conditioning of that response |
| | B) | learned shame and doubt |
| | C) | his mother's face being a releasing stimulus |
| | D) | negative reinforcement |
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6 | |
The title of a song is "I Don't Know Why I Do the Things I Do." This most clearly is a central idea supported by which theory? |
| | A) | humanistic |
| | B) | psychoanalytic |
| | C) | ethological |
| | D) | behavioral |
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7 | |
A person fails to receive proper medical care, nutrition, and emotional support. Humanistic psychologists would say that such an individual may |
| | A) | likely become self-actualized |
| | B) | be less likely to achieve self-actualization |
| | C) | be more likely to have an air of detachment and a need for privacy |
| | D) | have a tendency to repress memories of this painful experience |
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8 | |
Dr. Brown is studying retention and recall of vocabulary with preschoolers. What theoretical basis underlies this study? |
| | A) | psychoanalytic |
| | B) | behavioral |
| | C) | cognitive |
| | D) | psychosocial |
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9 | |
A child has been successful in getting her way by screaming. One day, the child screams and is punished. According to Piaget, this should lead to ________. |
| | A) | assimilation |
| | B) | schemation |
| | C) | behavior modification |
| | D) | disequilibration |
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10 | |
Nguyen realizes when water is poured from a tall thin glass into a short wide glass, the same amount of water exists. Piaget would argue that Nguyen |
| | A) | achieved the ability to conserve |
| | B) | is demonstrating abstract thought |
| | C) | is demonstrating object permanence |
| | D) | is exhibiting egocentrism |
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11 | |
A child in the pre-operational stage responds to this hypothetical problem: "If ice heated things, we could boil water by putting it in the ________." |
| | A) | snow |
| | B) | freezer |
| | C) | refrigerator |
| | D) | fire |
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12 | |
Bandura's theory of information processing applies to which of the following scenarios? |
| | A) | Luke observes a teacher interacting positively with the children who sit closest to her desk. He asks to move his desk near the teacher. |
| | B) | Sara requests hypnosis to "look" at her unconscious childhood. |
| | C) | A dog learns to sniff out cocaine in airports and is fed treats. |
| | D) | A person with a phobia for snakes refuses to go to the zoo. |
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13 | |
If a child is born deaf, cognitive psychologists would say this child will have difficulty |
| | A) | modeling his parents' behavior |
| | B) | learning by language experience |
| | C) | going through Erikson's stages |
| | D) | adapting biologically |
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14 | |
Dr. Perez argues that an infant is more likely to smile at her mother's face than that of a stranger. She is focusing on the effects of |
| | A) | evolutionary progression |
| | B) | native endowment |
| | C) | natural selection |
| | D) | imprinting |
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15 | |
Which of the following researchers would be just as likely to observe fish as humans? |
| | A) | humanist |
| | B) | cognitivist |
| | C) | ethologist |
| | D) | ecologicalist |
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16 | |
Research on identical twins can be most helpful when studying which type of debate? |
| | A) | mechanistic vs. organismic |
| | B) | nature vs. nurture |
| | C) | continuity vs. discontinuity |
| | D) | operant vs. classical conditioning |
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17 | |
Which of the following theorists viewed social interactions as the crucial "engine" of development? |
| | A) | Sigmund Freud |
| | B) | Abraham Maslow |
| | C) | Lev Vygotsky |
| | D) | Jerome Kagan |
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18 | |
Most behavioralists recognize which approach in understanding human development? |
| | A) | psychoanalytic model |
| | B) | mechanistic model |
| | C) | organismic model |
| | D) | eclectic model |
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19 | |
A psychologist who asserts that males are not naturally monogamous because if they were, they would decrease the chances of perpetuating their gene pool is a |
| | A) | cognitivist |
| | B) | psychoanalyst |
| | C) | humanist |
| | D) | behavioral geneticist |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education