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1 | |
Nucleic acids are composed of three types of molecules. Which of the following is not part of a nucleic acid? |
| | A) | A carbohydrate. |
| | B) | A heterocyclic aromatic ring. |
| | C) | A lipid. |
| | D) | A phosphate ester. |
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2 | |
Respectively, which of the following molecules are Purine and Pyrimidine?
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| | A) | A and B. |
| | B) | A and C. |
| | C) | B and C. |
| | D) | B and A. |
| | E) | C and B. |
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3 | |
In contrast to amino substituted bases, hydroxy substituted bases can exist in either the enol or keto form. Which one is more stable? |
| | A) | Enol. |
| | B) | Keto. |
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4 | |
Which of the following bases occurs only in RNA? |
| | A) | Adenine. |
| | B) | Cytosine. |
| | C) | Guanine. |
| | D) | Thymine. |
| | E) | Uracil. |
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5 | |
Which of the following statements about nucleosides is false? |
| | A) | Nucleosides are N-glycosides. |
| | B) | The carbohydrate is a furanose ring. |
| | C) | The anomeric C is attached to a N atom in the base. |
| | D) | The base is trans to the -CH2OH group of the furanose ring (i.e. b stereochemistry). |
| | E) | The potential hydrogen bonding groups of the base point away from the furanose ring. |
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6 | |
Which of the following statements about nucleotides is false? |
| | A) | Nucleotides are phosphate esters of nucleosides. |
| | B) | Only monophosphate ester are known. |
| | C) | The phosphate group can be attached to any hydroxyl group of the ribose ring. |
| | D) | Phosphorylation reactions involve the transfer of the phosphate group to another molecule, and are catalyzed by kinases. |
| | E) | Cyclic nucleotides are used as secondary messengers. |
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7 | |
Which of the following statements about Bioenergetics is false? |
| | A) | Bioenergetics makes use of DH°. |
| | B) | The energy change is related to the equilibrium constant for the reaction. |
| | C) | Standard state defines all concentrations as 1 M. |
| | D) | Reactions are classified as exergonic or endergonic. |
| | E) | For biological processes, the standard state is modified to include the pH = 7. |
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8 | |
Which of the following statements about ATP is false? |
| | A) | a. The key reaction in bioenergetics is the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP. |
| | B) | The DG°' for the reaction is -31 kJ. |
| | C) | The reaction is endergonic. |
| | D) | The reaction is can be coupled to "drive" other reactions. |
| | E) | The source of energy for ADP --> ATP is the metabolism of fat or carbohydrates. |
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9 | |
Which of the following statements about Polynucleotides is false? |
| | A) | A phosphodiester joins the 3' oxygen of one nucleotide to the 5' oxygen of another. |
| | B) | The sequence of nucleotides is written from the 5' end to 3' end. |
| | C) | The two most important polynucleotides are RNA and DNA. |
| | D) | Oligonucleotides have approximately 50 nucleotides or less. |
| | E) | Oligonucleotides can be synthesized in the solid phase similar to the Merrifield method for proteins. |
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10 | |
Which of the following statements about the secondary structure of DNA is false? |
| | A) | Base pairing only occurs between A and T, and G and C. |
| | B) | The secondary structure is an antiparallel double helix. |
| | C) | There are three forms of the double helix, the more common B-DNA, as well as A-DNA and Z-DNA. |
| | D) | The two strands are held together by hydrogen bonding between complimentary base pairs, and p-stacking. |
| | E) | The helix has two identical grooves that allow access to the base pairs. |
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11 | |
Which of the following statements about the tertiary structure of DNA is false? |
| | A) | The linear DNA strand for a human would be approximately 3.4 cm long. |
| | B) | The tertiary structure still allows for the DNA to accomplish its function within the cell. |
| | C) | The compact form of the DNA is a random coil. |
| | D) | The coiling requires histones. |
| | E) | The combination of DNA and a histone is called a nucleosome. |
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12 | |
Which of the following processes only involves DNA? |
| | A) | Replication. |
| | B) | Expression. |
| | C) | Transcription. |
| | D) | Translation. |
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13 | |
mRNA is primarily used for? |
| | A) | Storing genetic information. |
| | B) | Transcription of DNA. |
| | C) | Translation of DNA. |
| | D) | The addition of individual amino acids to the protein. |
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14 | |
A codon is? |
| | A) | A sequence of DNA that codes for RNA. |
| | B) | A sequence of RNA that codes for DNA. |
| | C) | A sequence of RNA that codes for an amino acid. |
| | D) | A sequence of amino acids that code for a nucleic acid. |
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15 | |
A anticodon is? |
| | A) | A sequence of DNA that codes for RNA. |
| | B) | A sequence of RNA that codes for DNA. |
| | C) | A sequence of RNA that codes for an amino acid. |
| | D) | A sequence of amino acids that code for a nucleic acid. |
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16 | |
Which statement about protein biosynthesis is false?? |
| | A) | Protein synthesis is the process of transcribing DNA to mRNA followed by translating the mRNA into the amino acid sequence. |
| | B) | Proteins are synthesized starting at the N-terminus. |
| | C) | The mRNA is read from the 5' to the 3' end. |
| | D) | The start codon is AUG. |
| | E) | The stop codon is AAU. |
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17 | |
Which statement about DNA sequencing is false? |
| | A) | Sequencing is more difficult than for proteins due to the large number of nucleic acids in the strand. |
| | B) | It is complicated by the fact three nucleic acids are needed to code for one amino acid. |
| | C) | It is complicated by the fact there are large regions of the DNA strand that do not code for any protein. |
| | D) | The entire DNA chain is sequenced at one time. |
| | E) | The process has been automatic |
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18 | |
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) refers to? |
| | A) | The use of enzymes to produce protein. |
| | B) | The chemical synthesis of RNA. |
| | C) | The biological synthesis of RNA. |
| | D) | The chemical synthesis of DNA. |
| | E) | The biological synthesis of DNA. |
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