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1 | |
The barb of a cnidocyte may explode at an acceleration greater than 40,000 times the pull of gravity. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
2 | |
Although members of the phylum Cnidaria are more highly organized than sponges, they are still relatively simple animals. However, many cnidarians are very effective predators that are able to kill and eat prey that are much more highly organized, swift, and intelligent than they are. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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3 | |
The Cnidaria are characterized by which of the following? |
|
| | A) | Primary radial symmetry |
| | B) | Tissue level of organization |
| | C) | At least two well-defined germ layers |
| | D) | True nerve cells that form a primitive “nerve net” |
| | E) | All of the above are correct |
|
4 | |
The Phylum Cnidaria takes its name from special cells called ____________. that contain stinging organelles called ______________. |
|
| | A) | Cnidoblasts, nematodermic needles |
| | B) | Cnidocytes, nematocysts |
| | C) | Flagella, cilia |
| | D) | Colloblasts, ciliary combs |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
5 | |
There are two basic types or forms in some groups of cnidarians. These two basic forms are called the medusa and the polyp. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
6 | |
The combination of sensory-nerve cell net and epitheliomuscular cells common in most cnidarians is often called a primitive… |
|
| | A) | Gastrovascular system |
| | B) | Osmoregulatory system |
| | C) | Reproductive system |
| | D) | Neuromuscular system |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
7 | |
Lying between the epidermis and gastrodermis of hydra is a gelantinous or jellylike middle layer called the… |
|
| | A) | Mesohyl |
| | B) | Mesogloea |
| | C) | Mesenchyme |
| | D) | Mesoderm |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
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8 | |
The two phyla Cnidaria and Ctenophora make up the radiate animals, which are characterized by primary radial or biradial symmetry, but evolved from an ancestor characterized by radial symmetry. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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9 | |
The radiate phyla are characterized by the tissue level of organization, with an internal gastrovascular cavity, extracellular digestion, and a complete digestive tract (mouth-to-anus). |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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10 | |
Radiates are the simplest animals to possess sense organs, include which of the following? |
|
| | A) | Statocysts |
| | B) | Ocelli |
| | C) | Compound eyes |
| | D) | A and B, but not C |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
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11 | |
In the life cycle of Obelia, they bud from a reproductive polyp called a gonangium. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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12 | |
There are no freshwater medusoid cnidarians (cnidarians with a medusa). |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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13 | |
Which of the following is an example of a truly colonial medusoid cnidarian composed of different types of polyps? |
|
| | A) | Physalia (Portuguese man-of-war) |
| | B) | Obelia |
| | C) | Hydra |
| | D) | Aurelia |
| | E) | All of the above are correct |
|
14 | |
The life cycle of Aurelia, a scyphozoan, could be described as follows: ciliated planula larva, scyphistoma, strobila, ephyra larva, medusa, sexual reproduction and zygote, ciliated planula larva. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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15 | |
Which of the following is a highly toxic cubozoan? |
|
| | A) | The cubomedusa, Chironex fleckeri |
| | B) | Hydra |
| | C) | Aurelia |
| | D) | Physalia |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
16 | |
The Anthozoa, or “flower animals,” are polyps with a flowerlike appearance. All species are characterized by a free-swimming medusoid form. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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17 | |
Which of the following would be characteristic of the sea anemone, Metridium? |
|
| | A) | Acontia threads |
| | B) | Pedal disc |
| | C) | Septa |
| | D) | Tentacles |
| | E) | All of the above are characteristics of Metridium |
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18 | |
The sea anemone may reproduce by which of the following methods? |
|
| | A) | Pedal laceration |
| | B) | Longitudinal fission |
| | C) | Budding |
| | D) | Sexual reproduction |
| | E) | All of the above are correct |
|
19 | |
Which of the following is NOT a form of reef? |
|
| | A) | Fringing reef |
| | B) | Barrier reef |
| | C) | Patch or bank reefs |
| | D) | Segmental reefs |
| | E) | All of the above are examples of reef forms |
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20 | |
Coral reefs are some of the most productive of all ecosystems, and they have a diversity of life forms rivaled only by the tropical rain forests. Of all earth's reefs, the Great Barrier Reef of Australia is the longest and the most diverse in terms of numbers of species. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
21 | |
Which of the following widened the ecological possibilities available to the cnidarians? |
|
| | A) | Nematocysts |
| | B) | Ciliary comb plates |
| | C) | Polymorphism |
| | D) | Radial symmetry |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
22 | |
Which of the following is NOT matched correctly? |
|
| | A) | Gastrodermis—layer of cells lining the gastrovascular cavity |
| | B) | Nerve cells—multipolar nerves found in the epidermis |
| | C) | Colonial polyps—can drift across the ocean using floats |
| | D) | Hydra—solitary polyps found in fresh water |
| | E) | Hydranths—reproductive polyps |
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23 | |
Interstitial cells are characterized by… |
|
| | A) | Secreting an adhesive substance for attachment |
| | B) | Being undifferentiated stem cells |
| | C) | Being multipolar |
| | D) | Serving both as a covering and for muscular contraction |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
24 | |
Which of the following is mismatched? |
|
| | A) | Statocysts—small organs of equilibrium |
| | B) | Ocelli—light-sensitive organs |
| | C) | Craspedacusta—freshwater medusa |
| | D) | Pneumatophore—primitive lungs |
| | E) | Dactylozooids—long, stinging tentacles |
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25 | |
The rhopalium of Aurelia is a reproductive organ containing a hollow statocyst for equilibrium and one or two pits lined with sensory epithelium. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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26 | |
The scyphistoma of Aurelia forms a series of saucerlike buds called ephyrae by the process of … |
|
| | A) | Pedal laceration |
| | B) | Sexual reproduction |
| | C) | Strobilation |
| | D) | Pedalation |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
27 | |
Which of the following is incorrect? |
|
| | A) | The siphonoglyph is a ciliated groove that extends into the pharynx of a sea anemone. |
| | B) | Anemones form some interesting mutualistic relationships with bacteria within their tissues. |
| | C) | Sexes are separate in some sea anemones whereas others are hermaphroditic. |
| | D) | Asexual reproduction may occur by pedal laceration. |
| | E) | Octocorallian corals have strict octomerous symmetry. |
|
28 | |
Members of the Phylum Ctenophora take their name from the eight rows of comblike plates they bear for locomotion. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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29 | |
Ctenophores resemble cnidarians in all but one of the following ways: |
|
| | A) | Form of radial symmetry |
| | B) | Well-developed gelatinous ectomesoderm (Collenchyme) |
| | C) | No coelomic cavity |
| | D) | Presence of comb plates and colloblasts |
| | E) | Lack of organ systems |
|
30 | |
Although the origin of cnidarians and ctenophores is obscure, the most widely supported hypothesis today is that radiate phyla arose from a bi-symmetrical, planula-like ancestor. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | |
Hox genes are highly diverse throughout almost all Metazoa and control expression of other genes determining body axis and morphogenesis along the body axis. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |