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1 | |
Cells are the basic structural and functional units of all living organisms and the Cell Theory states that all living things are composed of cells. |
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| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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2 | |
The largest cells (in volume, not length) known are… |
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| | A) | Sperm cells |
| | B) | Nerve cells |
| | C) | Egg cells |
| | D) | Muscle cells |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
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3 | |
Cells can be observed by a variety of microscopes, but which of the following offers the greatest magnification and resolution of cells and their components? |
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| | A) | Compound light microscope |
| | B) | Dissection microscope |
| | C) | Scanning electron microscope |
| | D) | Transmission electron microscope |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
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4 | |
The greatest level of resolution is achieved with X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, which can reveal much about the shape of biomolecules and the relationship of atoms within them. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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5 | |
Most cells are continuously changing shape, and although there is a tremendous amount of cellular activity within, there is an order and harmony in cell functioning. |
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| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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6 | |
Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells (bacteria and archaebacteria) in several respects, the most important being… |
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| | A) | Prokaryotic cells lack ribosomes |
| | B) | Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus |
| | C) | Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles that prokaryotic cells lack |
| | D) | Both B and C are correct |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
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7 | |
The currently accepted model that best describes the characteristics of the plasma membrane is the… |
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| | A) | Phospholipid model |
| | B) | Protein bilayer model |
| | C) | Fluid-mosaic model |
| | D) | Fluid protein model |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
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8 | |
An important characteristic of the phospholipid bilayer is that it is fluid-like, giving the membrane flexibility and allowing the phospholipid molecules to move sideways freely within their own monolayer. |
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| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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9 | |
Which of the following is mismatched? |
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| | A) | Chromatin—a complex of DNA organized as linear chromosomes suspended in nucleoplasm |
| | B) | Nucleoli—carry multiple copies of DNA to synthesize ribosomal RNA |
| | C) | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum—functions in synthesis of lipids and phospholipids |
| | D) | Lysosomes—vesicles containing enzymes involved in the breakdown of foreign material |
| | E) | Mitochondria—food-storing, contractile vesicles |
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10 | |
Eukaryotic cell support and form is maintained by internal… |
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| | A) | Set of cristae |
| | B) | Cellulose filaments |
| | C) | Plastids |
| | D) | Cytoskeleton |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
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11 | |
Which of the following proteins are involved either in contraction or moving components of the cell? |
|
| | A) | Actin |
| | B) | Myosin |
| | C) | Tubulin |
| | D) | All of the above are involved in contraction or moving components |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
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12 | |
Centrioles, composed of microtubules, and found within centrosomes, replicate before cell division. |
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| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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13 | |
The internal structure of cilia and flagella is identical; however, the microtubular arrangement of a basal body (kinetosome) is not identical to that of a centriole. |
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| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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14 | |
Tight junctions, adhesion junctions, and gap junctions are structurally and functionally distinct connections between cells. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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15 | |
Which of the following is NOT involved in cell movement? |
|
| | A) | Cilia |
| | B) | Flagella |
| | C) | Pseudopodia |
| | D) | Kinetosome |
| | E) | All of the above are involved in cell movement |
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16 | |
What is the name given to small, fingerlike projections consisting of tubelike evaginations of the plasma membrane with a core of cytoplasm that contains bundles of microfilaments? |
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| | A) | Flagella |
| | B) | Cilia |
| | C) | Microvilli |
| | D) | Desmosomes |
| | E) | Gap junctions |
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17 | |
Plasma membranes are noted for their dynamic structure, their activity, and their membrane selectivity. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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18 | |
Which of the following are methods that allow substances to pass through the cell membrane? |
|
| | A) | Diffusion |
| | B) | Osmosis |
| | C) | Endocytosis |
| | D) | Active transport |
| | E) | All of the above are methods of transporting substances across the cell membrane |
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19 | |
As a rule, which of the following are the only solutes that can diffuse through biological membranes with any degree of freedom? |
|
| | A) | Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| | B) | Urea |
| | C) | Alcohols |
| | D) | Various hydrocarbons |
| | E) | All of the above can generally diffuse through the cell membrane |
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20 | |
Osmosis is a form of diffusion that involves water passing across a semipermeable membrane from a higher to a lower concentration. Once equilibrium is reached on both sides of the cell membrane, water no longer passes through it. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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21 | |
The osmotic pressure of a solution is equivalent to the hydrostatic pressure necessary to prevent the further net entry of water. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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22 | |
Nutrients such as sugars and materials for growth such as amino acids must enter the cell and wastes of metabolism must leave. This is often accomplished by which of the following processes? |
|
| | A) | Carrier-Mediated transport |
| | B) | Diffusion |
| | C) | Osmosis |
| | D) | Endocytosis |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
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23 | |
Examples of active transport include exocytosis, but not endocytosis. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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24 | |
Which of the following is associated with receptor-mediated endocytosis? |
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| | A) | Clathrins coat invaginations on the cell membrane |
| | B) | Ligands within the cell membrane bind molecules to be transported into the cell |
| | C) | ATP is required for the receptor-mediated endocytosis to occur |
| | D) | The process only occurs down a concentration gradient |
| | E) | All of the above are correct |
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25 | |
Which of the following is NOT associated with the process of mitosis? |
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| | A) | Somatic cell division |
| | B) | Genetically identical daughter cells |
| | C) | Mechanism of transfer of genetic information in asexual reproduction |
| | D) | Formation sex cells (gametes) |
| | E) | All of the above are associated with the process of mitosis |
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26 | |
If a somatic cell undergoes mitosis but not cytokinesis over several cell divisions, what kind of cell results? |
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| | A) | A syncytium |
| | B) | A multinucleate cell |
| | C) | A haploid cell |
| | D) | A and B are both correct |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
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27 | |
Which of the following terms is NOT associated with mitosis? |
|
| | A) | Prophase |
| | B) | Metaphase |
| | C) | Anaphase |
| | D) | Telophase |
| | E) | Interphase |
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28 | |
Most of the cell cycle is spent in which of the following phases? |
|
| | A) | Prophase |
| | B) | Metaphase |
| | C) | Anaphase |
| | D) | Telophase |
| | E) | Interphase |
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29 | |
During development, cells divide rapidly and some cells undergo a programmed cell death called… |
|
| | A) | Apoptosis |
| | B) | Cytoplasmic cleavage |
| | C) | Exocytosis |
| | D) | Cellular flux |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
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30 | |
Replication of DNA occurs during a phase called the S phase, during which both strands of DNA must replicate. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | |
At anaphase the centromeres divide and a complete set of chromosomes is pulled toward each centrosome by their kinetochore fibers |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |