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1 | |
Vertically migrating mesopelagic animals encounter |
| | A) | large changes in temperature. |
| | B) | anoxic water below the thermocline. |
| | C) | high primary productivity at depth. |
| | D) | no light at all. |
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2 | |
Nautilus achieves neutral buoyancy through |
| | A) | removing ions from chambers in its shell. |
| | B) | moving lipids between chambers in its shell. |
| | C) | jet propulsion. |
| | D) | a thin, light shell. |
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3 | |
A biologist takes a surface plankton tow at night. Which of these animals caught in the tow surely is a vertically migrating mesopelagic animal? |
| | A) | a chaetognath |
| | B) | a squid with photophores |
| | C) | a filter-feeding fish colored dark above and light below |
| | D) | the larval stage of a barnacle |
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4 | |
A whalefish is a mesopelagic fish with no scales, weak bones, and flabby flesh. What can you conclude about its lifestyle? |
| | A) | It migrates vertically. |
| | B) | It must be an active swimmer. |
| | C) | It eats detritus. |
| | D) | It is a sit-and-wait predator. |
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5 | |
The sonar echoes of the DSL are due to |
| | A) | exoskeletons of shrimp. |
| | B) | bones in fishes. |
| | C) | gas-filled swim bladders. |
| | D) | shells of pteropods. |
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6 | |
Bioluminescence can have a role in all of these functions except which one? |
| | A) | mate attraction |
| | B) | confusing predators |
| | C) | orienting to the surface during vertical migration |
| | D) | luring prey |
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7 | |
Notostomus is a shrimp with tiny eyes, huge gills, a soft exoskeleton, and a bright red color. Where might it live? |
| | A) | in the mesopelagic zone |
| | B) | at or near the oxygen minimum zone |
| | C) | on the sea floor |
| | D) | by hydrothermal vents |
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8 | |
To find a mate, a male deep-sea anglerfish uses |
| | A) | color patterns. |
| | B) | light patterns from rows of photophores. |
| | C) | a powerful sense of smell. |
| | D) | touch. |
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9 | |
Even if it can tolerate low food concentration and cold water, a fish from the epipelagic realm would die at extreme depths because of the effects of |
| | A) | low oxygten. |
| | B) | pressure. |
| | C) | salinity changes. |
| | D) | stratificiation. |
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10 | |
Among the most common large deep-sea benthic deposit feeders are |
| | A) | sea cucumbers. |
| | B) | sea spiders. |
| | C) | sponges. |
| | D) | ostracods. |
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11 | |
Which of these animals probably lives on the deep-sea floor? |
| | A) | a small, thin fish with large teeth and rows of photophores |
| | B) | a shrimp carrying several hundred small eggs |
| | C) | a suspension-feeding clam |
| | D) | a scavenging amphipod with an expandable gut |
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12 | |
A species accumulation curve is used to |
| | A) | plot changes in the abundance of organisms. |
| | B) | estimate the numbers of species. |
| | C) | estimate rates of evolution in species. |
| | D) | estimate the rate of settlement of larval stages. |
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13 | |
Primary producers at hydrothermal vents include |
| | A) | psychrophilic bacteria. |
| | B) | cyanobacteria. |
| | C) | chemosynthetic archaea. |
| | D) | decomposing bacteria. |
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14 | |
Shrimp at hydrothermal vents |
| | A) | do not feed, but rely on symbiotic bacteria for nutrition. |
| | B) | filter-feed on bacteria in the water column. |
| | C) | eat tube worms. |
| | D) | digest microbes scraped from minerals. |
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15 | |
Methane is produced |
| | A) | near hydrothermal vents. |
| | B) | on decomposing carcasses. |
| | C) | in areas with volcanic activity. |
| | D) | in the trophosome of worms. |
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