SYMBOLS | Symbol | Stands For |
| | c2 | chi square | | O | observed frequency | | E | expected frequency | | K | number of categories | | RT | row total | | CT | column total | | R | number of rows | | C | number of columns |
FORMULAS Formula 14-1. Equation for chi square (used for both the goodness-of-fit test and the chi-square test of independence [significance]) <![CDATA[<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=gif:: ::/sites/dl/free/0072832517/55323/c14_f1.gif','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (1.0K)</a>]]>
O stands for the observed frequencies, and E stands for the expected frequencies.
Formula 14-2. Equation for finding expected frequencies for the chi-square test of independence if there is
no other basis for determining them <![CDATA[<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=gif:: ::/sites/dl/free/0072832517/55323/c14_f2.gif','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (1.0K)</a>]]>
RT stands for the row total for a given cell, and CT stands for the column total for the same cell.
Formula 14-3. Formula for finding degrees of freedom for the chi-square test of independencedf = (R - 1)(C - 1) |
2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education