• Cell Division increases the number of cells in the body.
• Apoptosis reduces the number of cells in the body.
• Cell division occurs in stages called the cell cycle. The cell cycle is controlled by chemical signals.

1. What are somatic cells, and what process increases the number of somatic cells? What process decreases the number of somatic cells?
   Answer
2. What are the four stages of the cell cycle?
   Answer
3. How do the stages of the cell cycle prepare a cell for mitosis?
   Answer

Essential Study Partner

• Mitosis / Cell Cycle
  Path: ESP → Genetics → Cell Division → Mitosis / Cell Cycles

Animation Activities

• Control of the Cell Cycle(English)
• Control of the Cell Cycle(Spanish)
• Stimulation Cell Replication(English)
• Stimulation Cell Replication(Spanish)
• How the Cell Cycle Works

• Mitosis, nuclear division in which the chromosomal number remains constant, is involved in growth and repair.
• Cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm and organelles between the daughter cells.

1. Following mitosis, how does the chromosome number of the daughter cells compare to the chromosome number of the parent cell?
   Answer
2. What are the phases of mitosis and what happens during each phase?
   Answer
3. How is the cytoplasm divided between the daughter cells, following mitosis?
   Answer

Animation Activity

• Mitosis
• Mitosis Cytokinesis(English)
• Mitosis and Cytokinesis(Spanish)

Art Labeling Activity

• Mitosis Overview I
• Mitosis Overview II

• Meiosis, nuclear division in which the chromosomal number is reduced by one-half, is involved in gamete production.
• Meiosis provides genetic recombination.

1. Following meiosis, how does the chromosome number of the daughter cells compare to the chromosome number of the parent cell?
   Answer
2. How does meiosis reduce the likelihood that gametes will have the same combination of chromosomes and genes?
   Answer
3. What are the phases of meiosis and what happens during each phase?
   Answer

Essential Study Partner

• Meiosis

Animation Activities

• Meiosis
• Unique Features of Meiosis(English)
• Unique Features of Meiosis(Spanish)
• Random Orientation of Chromosomes During Meiosis(English)
• Random Orientation of Chromosomes During Meiosis(Spanish)
• Stages of Meiosis(English)
• Stages of Meiosis(Spanish)
• How Meiosis Works

Art Labeling Activity

• Meiosis I

• Mitosis requires one nuclear division; meiosis requires two nuclear divisions.
• Cells resulting from the process of mitosis are diploid; cells resulting from meiosis are haploid.

1. What are the major differences between meiosis and mitosis?
   Answer

Essential Study Partner

• Review of Cell Division

Animation Activities

• Comparison of Meiosis Mitosis(English)
• Comparison of Meiosis Mitosis(Spanish)

• The human life cycle involves two types of cell divisions: mitosis and meiosis.
• One gamete results as the product of meiosis in human females; four gametes are formed following meiosis in males.

1. The human life cycle involves what two types of nuclear divisions?
   Answer
2. What is the function of mitosis and meiosis in humans?
   Answer
3. How does the process of spermatogenesis differ from oogenesis?
   Answer

Essential Study Partner

• Life Cycles
  (Path: ESP → Animals → Reproduction → Introduction)

Animation Activities

• Spermatogenesis(English)
• Spermatogenesis(Spanish)

Chapter Summary

• Review Quiz