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Hothersall Book Cover
History of Psychology, 4/e
David Hothersall, Ohio State University
The Research of Ivan Pavlov and the Behaviorism of John B. Watson

Multiple Choice



1

Pavlov won the Nobel Prize for his research on ___________.
A)digestion
B)the vagus nerve
C)classical conditioning
D)animal neuroses
2

What was a “Pavlovian pouch”?
A)The apparatus dogs were placed in for conditioning experiments
B)A part of the stomach surgically isolated to allow for observation
C)A test tube inserted into the salivary gland
D)The container used to preserve the nervous systems of his animals following euthanasia
3

In Pavlovian conditioning, ___________________ describes a situation in which an additional CS is paired with the original CS and consequently elicits a CR too.
A)generalization
B)discrimination
C)extinction
D)secondary conditioning
4

What happened when Pavlov’s assistant, Petrova, paired the CS with both food and a shock?
A)The dogs learned to associate the CS with the food
B)The dogs learned to associate the CS with the shock
C)The dogs’ reactions depended on how hungry they were
D)Previously learned responses were replaced with neurotic behavior requiring treatment
5

Pavlov described his dogs with the best balance of excitation and inhibition as _______.
A)sanguine
B)melancholy
C)choleric
D)phlegmatic
6

What individual differences did Pavlov notice in his dogs?
A)He avoided individual differences by treating them all identically
B)He noticed that they differed in both excitation and inhibition of the nervous system
C)He categorized them based on Hippocrates’ ancient typology
D)Both B and C
7

How did the Bolsheviks view Pavlov’s work?
A)It was scrutinized intensely for fear that it would lead people to revolution
B)It was largely ignored, although they took pride in Pavlov’s Nobel Prize
C)It was seen as very important for its potential applications to humans
D)It was stopped and his laboratory was taken away from him
8

The American psychologist who examined classical conditioning around the same time as Pavlov (i.e., 1902) was:
A)Witmer
B)Twitmyer
C)Watson
D)Clark
9

In graduate school Watson found ___________ a bit of a mystery, but he was inspired by ___________.
A)Dewey; Angell
B)Angell; Dewey
C)James; Münsterberg
D)Münsterberg; James
10

What topic did Watson investigate for his dissertation research?
A)The importance of smell in navigating a maze
B)The relationship between behavior complexity and nervous system development
C)The origin of phobias in humans
D)The generalizability of the conditioned reflex
11

Who pioneered the use of the maze as the ideal means for studying rat behavior?
A)Watson
B)Pavlov
C)Small
D)Parvus
12

How were Watson’s rats affected when he removed all olfactory cues from his mazes?
A)The rats navigated the maze more quickly due to the removal of distraction
B)The rats had to learn the maze all over again
C)The rats simply sat still, seemingly unsure of how to behave in the new environment
D)The rats were unaffected and navigated the maze normally
13

What was the topic of Watson’s summer field studies while he was at the University of Chicago?
A)Language acquisition in primates
B)Mating rituals of land versus sea creatures
C)Nesting habits of birds
D)Migration patterns of salmon
14

In addition to Watson, __________ at Johns Hopkins was also dissatisfied with state of psychology in the 1910s.
A)Angell
B)Loeb
C)Woodworth
D)Dunlap
15

Which of the following best characterizes Watson’s behavior during WWI?
A)He continued his behaviorist research without any regard for the war
B)He fought on the front lines in Europe
C)He helped identify soldiers with potential to be good pilots
D)He administered Army Alpha and Army Beta tests
16

How did Watson and Rayner condition fear in Albert B.?
A)They showed him a rat and struck him with a bar
B)They showed him a rat and surprised him with a loud noise
C)They handed him a rat and turned out the lights
D)They showed him a rat getting an electric shock
17

What did Watson and Rayner’s research on Albert B. convince them was true?
A)Humans are born with a set of basic emotions
B)Fears can be conditioned
C)Fears can be replaced with positive emotional reactions
D)Both B and C
18

What advertising technique(s) did Watson make use of?
A)Expert testimonial
B)Emotional appeal
C)Celebrity endorsement
D)All of the Above
19

Who were Johnny and Jimmy?
A)Two of Pavlov’s dogs
B)Two of Watson’s rats
C)The “before” and “after” personas of a child with fears of animals
D)Twin brothers raised with different amounts of encouragement and stimulation
20

Which of the following best characterizes the parenting recommendations of Watson and Rayner’s Psychological Care of Infant and Child?
A)Affection is the most important thing a parent can provide
B)Punishment must be both swift and appropriately severe
C)Children should be treated as young adults, objectively and firmly
D)Children learn best when left on their own to explore the world in the order of their choice








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