McGraw-Hill OnlineMcGraw-Hill Higher EducationLearning Center
Student Center | Instructor Center | Information Center | Home
Timeline
Chapter Outline
Chapter Objectives
Multiple Choice
Flashcards
Discussion Questions
Web Links
Feedback
Help Center


Hothersall Book Cover
History of Psychology, 4/e
David Hothersall, Ohio State University
Early Studies of the Central Nervous System

Multiple Choice



1

In 1795, Cabanis concluded that consciousness ends when
A)the heart stops pumping
B)the soul leaves the body
C)the body has been dead for 7 days
D)the head and brain are severed from the body
2

By studying __________, Robert Whytt concluded that reflexes require an intact ________.
A)decapitated frogs; spinal cord
B)decapitated frogs; medulla
C)wounded soldiers; brain stem
D)wounded soldiers; cerebral cortex
3

The Bell-Magendie Law refers to:
A)the functions of the brain stem
B)the location of language areas in the brain
C)the difference between dorsal and ventral spinal cord roots
D)the layout of the somatosensory cortex
4

Charles Bell incorrectly believed that the dorsal root controls ______ while the ventral root controls ________.
A)movement; sensation
B)involuntary behavior; voluntary behavior
C)respiration; circulation
D)language; reasoning
5

The doctrine of specific nerve energies states that
A)nerves can only use a type of energy once
B)a nerve always exactly replicates the specific stimulus that provokes it
C)nerves mediate between the external world and our perception of it
D)All of the above
6

How did Helmholtz experimentally confirm what Young had proposed?
A)He examined the retina with a microscope
B)He had subjects replicate various hues by combining red, green, and blue lights
C)He applied chemicals to an exposed brain
D)He surgically removed various cerebral structures
7

Helmholtz’s measurement of the speed of nervous impulse was important to psychology because it:
A)supported a mechanistic view of the human body
B)exemplified the quantification of something believed to be unmeasurable
C)inspired several new lines of psychophysiological research
D)All of the Above
8

The research of _______ led him to conclude that organisms generate electricity. It was ______ who suggested that the electricity is conducted by the organism.
A)Volta; Du Bois-Reymond
B)Du Bois-Reymond; Helmholtz
C)Helmholtz; Galvani
D)Galvani; Volta
9

Phrenology was introduced by _____ and further developed by _______.
A)Gall; Spurzheim
B)Spurzheim; Flourens
C)Du Bois-Reymond; Cajal
D)Flourens; Gall
10

What positive contribution(s) can be credited to phrenology?
A)It helped reinforce the belief that the brain is the organ of the mind
B)It led to several investigations related to localization of function
C)It emphasized individual differences in personality
D)All of the above
11

What did Flourens mean by the term “vital knot”?
A)This refers to the interaction between various structures within the nervous system
B)This is an area on the phrenological chart located near Acquisitiveness
C)This refers to the medulla oblongata, which controls respiration and the heart
D)Both C and D
12

Flourens' examinations of the cerebellum in pigeons and dogs led him to conclude it is the location responsible for
A)the sex drive
B)vision
C)memory associations
D)motor coordination
13

Broca was the first person to associate
A)speech production with the frontal lobes
B)speech production with the left hemisphere
C)speech comprehension with the left temporal lobe
D)All of the Above
14

Broca is credited with identifying the specific location of _____, while Wernicke is credited with identifying the location of _____.
A)speech production; speech comprehension
B)speech comprehension; speech production
C)motor control; sensation
D)sensation; motor control
15

Phineas Gage : _______ as Tan : ______
A)Wernicke; Broca
B)Broca; Wernicke
C)Harlow; Broca
D)Ferrier; Wernicke
16

Direct electrical stimulation of the brain was used in the discovery of
A)Broca’s area
B)Wernicke’s area
C)the motor cortex
D)the vital knot
17

Which statement best describes Flourens’ view of the organization of the brain?
A)There are approximately 26 phrenological organs
B)There are only about five distinct structures that work together as a community
C)All areas of the brain show equipotentiality
D)The brain is hierarchical, with higher centers controlling lower centers through inhibition
18

Although both Ferrier and Bartholow used ______ in their research, only Bartholow used _______.
A)ablation; a human subject
B)human subjects; ablation
C)animal subjects; electrical stimulation
D)electrical stimulation; a human subject
19

All of the following have been localized in the brain except
A)a reward center
B)language
C)memory
D)the auditory cortex
20

Golgi and Cajal shared the Nobel Prize for their
A)collaboration in identifying the primary motor cortex
B)discovery of a staining technique for neurons
C)research involving electrical stimulation of the human brain
D)competing theories of neural communication








Copyright2004 McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Any use is subject to the Terms of Use and Privacy Notice.
McGraw-Hill Higher Education is one of the many fine businesses of The McGraw-Hill Companies.