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Hothersall Book Cover
History of Psychology, 4/e
David Hothersall, Ohio State University
The History of Clinical Psychology and the Development of Psychoanalysis

Multiple Choice



1

The book Malleus Maleficarum was a highly influential text on what topic?
A)Mental illness
B)Psychoanalytic techniques
C)Mesmerism
D)Witchcraft
2

In the 1970s, Caporael presented the theory that _________ may be to blame for the strange behaviors of the girls of Salem in 1691
A)dehydration
B)scurvy
C)ergot poisoning
D)somatization disorder
3

What is the meaning of the term bedlam?
A)characterized by uproar and confusion
B)therapy in which rest is the primary treatment
C)an institution confining both prisoners and the insane
D)a mental state in between consciousness and hypnotic trance
4

Who is regarded as the father of American psychiatry?
A)Witmer
B)Rush
C)James
D)Pinel
5

Which of the following changes did Pinel initiate at the Bicétre?
A)Removal of shackles
B)Improvement of diet
C)Banning of bloodletting
D)All of the Above
6

Pinel: Wild boy of Averyron:: _________: Victor
A)Rush
B)Itard
C)Rousseau
D)Breuer
7

Who founded the York Retreat for Persons Afflicted with Disorders of the Mind?
A)Guggenbühl
B)Pinel
C)Dix
D)Tuke
8

Dorothea Dix was remarkably effective in _______.
A)curing mentally illness
B)convincing governments to establish mental hospitals
C)teaching mentally retarded children
D)identifying patterns in the symptoms of people with hysteria
9

America's mental hygiene movement was founded by _________ in the _______.
A)Witmer; late 19th century
B)Dix; late 19th century
C)Beers; early 20th century
D)York; early 20th century
10

Lightner Witmer is credited with which of the following achievements?
A)Founder of clinical psychology
B)Founder of the first psychological clinic
C)Founder of the journal Psychological Clinic
D)All of the Above
11

A Nobel Prize was awarded for which of the following?
A)Witmer's work in clinical psychology
B)Dix's work in reforming institutions
C)Moniz's work with the prefrontal leucotomy
D)Freud's development of psychoanalysis
12

Electroconvulsive therapy was originally used to treat ______ and then later found to be more effective in treating _____.
A)epilepsy; schizophrenia
B)schizophrenia; depression
C)depression; mania
D)mania; epilepsy
13

Between the 1950s and the 1980s, the number of patients in American mental hospitals has ________ primarily due to ________.
A)grown; better funding
B)grown; overall population growth
C)decreased; psychoactive drugs
D)decreased; reduced funding
14

Freud spent six years conducting biological research under ________, Vienna's professor of physiology.
A)Meynert
B)Brücke
C)Breuer
D)Brentano
15

Freud's abuse of substances could be summarized this way: He was ________ to quit cocaine and _______ to quit nicotine.
A)able; able
B)able; not able
C)not able; able
D)not able; not able
16

Freud witnessed _____ treating hysterical patients with hypnosis in Paris.
A)Meynert
B)Brücke
C)Breuer
D)Charcot
17

What was the main issue of Freud's seduction theory, which he and others later came to doubt?
A)All patients eventually transfer feelings onto their therapist
B)All therapists eventually countertransfer feelings onto their clients
C)Hysteria is a consequence of sexual shock during childhood
D)It is necessary to discuss intimate topics in order to build the client-therapist relationship
18

Freud believed that underlying the __________ of dreams were repressed wishes and desires, which he labeled the __________.
A)latent content; manifest content
B)manifest content; latent content
C)transference; countertransference
D)ego; id
19

Which of the following best characterizes Freud's willingness to accept criticism of his theory?
A)He warmly encouraged alternative and challenging ideas
B)He accepted criticism only from those in his inner circle of friends
C)While his initial reaction was sometimes violent, this was soon replaced with gratitude
D)He was unable to tolerate disagreement or to accept challenges
20

Freud spent nearly all of his life in __________, but moved to ________ just before his death.
A)Berlin; New York
B)Prague; Vienna
C)Vienna; London
D)London; New York








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