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1

Glands without ducts are known as glands.
2

The secretory products of endocrine glands are biologically active chemicals called .
3

The major effect of hormones is on the of their target organs, ultimately helping to regulate total body metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
4

The four general chemical classes of hormones include , proteins and polypeptides, and glycoproteins, and steroids.
5

Many hormones become active only after conversion from less active precursors called .
6

The major thyroid hormones are similar to hormones because both are nonpolar (lipophilic) and can be active in the body when taken orally, whereas protein, polypeptide and glycoprotein hormones would be inactivated in the digestive tract.
7

Hormones and neurotransmitter molecules must combine with specific proteins that are synthesized and presented by the target cells.
8

The terms used to describe the interaction between different hormones include , permissive, or antagonistic.
9

Exposure of a cell to high concentrations of a hormone would induce .
10

A pharmacological dose of any chemical such as the hormones active in the birth control pill is considered a dose with an abnormally concentration of that hormone.
11

The receptor proteins for the hormones are located within the cytoplasm of the target cells and when activated by the hormones the receptors and bind to the hormone-response element on the DNA.
12

Since thyroxine is and thus not soluble in the blood, it must be transported by means of carrier proteins. The carrier protein for thyroxine is called thyroxine-binding .
13

The active form of thyroxine inside the target cell has a total of (spell out) iodine atoms attached to the basic structure of the hormone molecule.
14

Many of the polypeptide hormones bind to the membrane of target cells and activate the enzyme, adenylate cyclase, that catalyzes the synthesis of the important second messenger called (abbreviate) which then activates an enzyme in the cell known as (2 words).
15

The calcium ion second-messenger system is activated when Ca2+ enters the cytoplasm through open Ca2+ channels and bind to a cytoplasmic protein called .
16

The portion of the pituitary gland synthesizes six hormones whose secretions are controlled by releasing hormones from the .
17

The pars nervosa portion of the pituitary gland is also known as the pituitary.
18

hormone stimulates the kidneys to retain water so that less water is excreted in the urine and more water is retained in the blood.
19

In females, stimulates the contractions of the uterus during labor and for this reason is needed for parturition (child birth).
20

The vascular link between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary is called the (hyphenated word) portal system.
21

is an inhibitory hormone released from the hypothalamus to regulate the secretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland.
22

The blood levels of many of the hormones from the anterior pituitary are controlled by feedback inhibition coming from the hormones subsequently released by the target gland.
23

Many of the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary are influenced by a higher brain center that increases or decreases hormone secretion based on daily patterns called rhythms.
24

The adrenal secretes mineralocorticoids, of which the most potent is .
25

The adrenal medulla secretes two hormones: mainly and lesser amounts of .
26

Since cortisol is a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that helps to regulate the metabolism of glucose and other organic molecules, it is categorized functionally as a .
27

A patient with either Cushing's syndrome and Addison's disease would have altered hormone secretion form the (2 words).
28

Hans Selye discovered that the (2 words) responds to stress in a nonspecific fashion partly by releasing higher than normal levels of glucocorticoids.
29

The major hormone secreted by the thyroid is thyroxine that has atoms of iodine.
30

Thyroxine is synthesized within the of the thyroid follicles, a protein rich fluid.
31

In the absence of sufficient dietary iodine the thyroid gland cannot produce adequate amounts of thyroxine, which results in a greater secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to grow abnormally large, a condition called a .
32

In adults hypothyroidism is known as and results in low body temperature, dry skin, constipation and general lethargy.
33

Parathyroid hormone is the only hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands; and its primary action is in the regulation of balance in the bloodstream.
34

Insulin is secreted by the cells and glucagon is secreted by the cells of the of Langerhans.
35

Eating a meal the blood levels of glucose and stimulates the release of the hormone from the pancreas.
36

The pineal gland secretes the hormone , which may play a role in regulating reproductive function and the onset of puberty in humans.
37

The thymus secretes hormones important in regulating the system.
38

Prostaglandins are unique, twenty-carbon-long acid molecules that are derived from the precursor molecule embedded in the cell membrane, called acid.







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