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True or False Quiz
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1
Impulses from one motor nerve fiber will cause the contraction of several muscle fibers.
A)True
B)False
2
The bone on which a skeletal muscle has its "insertion" moves very little, or not at all when the muscle contracts.
A)True
B)False
3
Muscles do not antagonize each other. If they did, there could be no movement of a joint.
A)True
B)False
4
A muscle as a whole is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called its epimysium.
A)True
B)False
5
The term myofiber or muscle fiber is equivalent to a single muscle cell.
A)True
B)False
6
Muscle fibers are so densely packed with protein filaments there is no room for nuclei, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and other structures typical of other cell types.
A)True
B)False
7
Titin filaments are dark lines in the middle of an A band.
A)True
B)False
8
Skeletal muscle twitches are similar to grade potentials in that they can be summed resulting in variations in amplitude.
A)True
B)False
9
Tetanus is a normal part of muscle contraction and should not be confused with the disease of the same name.
A)True
B)False
10
A muscle contracts more strongly when lifting a 20-pound weight than when lifting a 5-pound weight. This is because more fibers are contracting, not because individual fibers contract harder.
A)True
B)False
11
If a muscle is repeatedly stimulated and allowed to relax between stimuli, the successive contractions will be stronger. This phenomenon, known as treppe, or staircase effect, is thought to be due to the accumulation of a neurotransmitter in the neuromuscular cleft.
A)True
B)False
12
During an isometric contraction, a muscle shortens as it generates tension.
A)True
B)False
13
There is considerable neuronal convergence in somatic motor units, with several motor neurons often innervating an individual muscle fiber.
A)True
B)False
14
One somatic motor neuron always leads to exactly one skeletal muscle fiber in a given muscle.
A)True
B)False
15
Small motor units (for example, one neuron innervating 100-200 muscle fibers) allow for greater control than large motor units.
A)True
B)False
16
Thick filaments within muscle fibers consist primarily of myosin protein molecules whereas the thin filaments consist primarily of actin protein molecules.
A)True
B)False
17
The I bands of a muscle fiber sarcomere contain only thin filaments.
A)True
B)False
18
The H zone of the A bands of a muscle fiber sarcomere contain only myosin protein molecules.
A)True
B)False
19
Thick and thin filaments shorten when a muscle contracts.
A)True
B)False
20
When a muscle is at rest, the thick filaments are not in contact with the thin filaments.
A)True
B)False
21
The globular head of a myosin cross bridge contains an ATP-binding site and a nearby actin-binding site.
A)True
B)False
22
A thick filament cannot let go of a thin filament at the end of its power stroke unless an ATP molecule is available to the globular head of the myosin cross bridge.
A)True
B)False
23
To achieve coordinated muscle contraction, it is important that all the myosin cross bridges bind to the thin filaments and produce their power strokes in unison.
A)True
B)False
24
The thicker a muscle fiber is, the more contractile force it can generate.
A)True
B)False
25
Strabismus can be corrected by injecting Botox into the affected extraocular muscle.
A)True
B)False
26
Myosin cross bridges cannot link up with thin filaments as long as tropomysoin covers the binding sites.
A)True
B)False
27
Tropomyosin moves off the binding sites on actin when Ca2+ binds to troponin.
A)True
B)False
28
Gamma motoneurons are lower motor neurons that exit the spinal cord by way of the ventral root.
A)True
B)False
29
Lower motor neurons receive impulses from the upper motor neurons as well as from sensory nerve endings located in the muscles and tendons.
A)True
B)False
30
The major energetic substrate of muscle cells during prolonged periods (greater than 90 minutes) of moderate exercise is glycogen.
A)True
B)False
31
Gradual stretching of a muscle activates secondary (flower-spray) sensory nerve endings more than it does the primary (annulospiral) endings.
A)True
B)False
32
The CNS stimulates a muscle by either alpha or gamma neurons. It would be self-contradictory and nonfunctional to activate both alpha and gamma neurons at the same time.
A)True
B)False
33
Skeletal muscles are called voluntary because they only contract in response to conscious, voluntary control from the brain.
A)True
B)False
34
Endurance training will lead to increased muscle size.
A)True
B)False
35
Damage to higher motor neurons immediately leads to spastic paralysis, in which the muscles are overly sensitive to stretch and exhibit exaggerated contractions.
A)True
B)False
36
The activation of Golgi tendon organs stimulates muscle fibers to contract, thus contributing to the overall strength of the muscle response.
A)True
B)False
37
The cerebellum cannot excite skeletal muscle contraction.
A)True
B)False
38
At the beginning of heavy exercise, the skeletal muscles seem to respire anaerobically at first, and then switch to aerobic metabolism within minutes.
A)True
B)False
39
Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) among world-class athletes seems to be determined more by heredity than athletic training.
A)True
B)False
40
As ATP is consumed in prolonged exercise, phosphocreatine takes over the role of phosphorylating myosin cross bridges directly.
A)True
B)False
41
Muscles that maintain the body's posture consist predominantly of type IIX fibers.
A)True
B)False
42
One motor neuron may innervate dozens to thousands of muscle fibers, but all these fibers are of the same kind, fast-twitch or slow-twitch.
A)True
B)False
43
Prolonged anaerobic respiration raises the intracellular pH of muscle.
A)True
B)False
44
Endurance-trained athletes produce just as much lactic acid during exercise as anyone else, but their endurance comes from the ability to metabolize it more rapidly.
A)True
B)False
45
Weight training increases muscle mass by stimulating multiplication of muscle cells.
A)True
B)False
46
Contraction of skeletal muscle is initiated by the binding of Ca2+ to troponin, but smooth muscle does not have troponin or use calcium in its contraction mechanism.
A)True
B)False
47
Unlike skeletal muscle, smooth muscle has no sarcomeres or myosin and does not contract by the sliding filament mechanism.
A)True
B)False





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