5. Categorical Logic: Statements
5.1 Standard Forms of Categorical Statements
5.2 The Traditional Square of Opposition
5.3 Further Immediate Inferences
6. Categorical Logic: Syllogisms
6.1 Standard Mood, Form, and Figure
6.2 Venn Diagrams and Categorical Statements
6.3 Venn Diagrams and Categorical Syllogisms
6.4 The Modern Square of Opposition
6.5 Enthymemes
6.6 Sorites and Removing Term Complements
6.7 Rules for Evaluating Syllogisms
7. Statement Logic: Truth Tables
7.1 Symbolizing English Arguments
7.2 Truth Tables
7.3 Using Truth Tables to Evaluate Arguments
7.4 Abbreviated Truth Tables
7.5 Tautology, Contradiction, Contingency, and Logical Equivalence
8. Statement Logic: Proofs
8.1 Implicational Rules of Inference
8.2 Five Equivalence Rules
8.3 Five More Equivalence Rules
8.4 Conditional Proof
8.5 Reductio ad Absurdum
8.6 Proving Theorems
9. Predicate Logic
9.1 Predicates and Quantifiers
9.2 Demonstrating Invalidity
9.3 Constructing Proofs
9.4 Quantifier Negation, RAA, and CP
9.5 The Logic of Relations: Symbolizations
9.6 The Logic of Relations: Proofs
9.7 Identity: Symbolizations
9.8 Identity: Proofs
10. Induction
10.1 Inductive and Deductive Logic: Contrasts and Clarifications
10.2 Arguments from Authority and Induction by Enumeration
10.3 Mill's Methods and Scientific Reasoning
10.4 Arguments from Analogy
11. Probability
11.1 Three Theories of Probability
11.2 The Rules of Probability
11.3 Bayes' Theorem
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