Chapter 2: Identifying Arguments 2.1 Explains how to tell the difference between arguments and non-arguments. Attention is drawn to some types of unsupported assertions that may be confused with arguments: reports, illustrations, explanations, and conditionals. 2.2 Provides five principles for transforming ordinary argumentative prose into well-crafted arguments: - Identify the premises and conclusion.
- Eliminate excess verbiage (discounts, repetition, assurances, and hedges).
- Employ uniform language (to clarify the logical links between the various statements).
- Be fair and charitable in interpreting an argument.
- Do not confuse sub-conclusions with (final) conclusions.
Also provides--in the form of a list of key questions--a checklist for students to follow in identifying the essential elements of an argument. Appendix: provides a method for diagramming the structure of an argument, using arrows to indicate which statements are meant to support others. |