 | Chapter Outline
(See related pages)
Following are the main learning objectives from the chapter:
Categorical Statements
- In understanding categorical statements, students should . . .
- recognize that categorical statements make claims about the relationship between two or more classes or categories of things.
- be familiar with standard-form categorical statements.
- All S are P.
- No S are P.
- Some S are P.
- Some S are not P.
- be proficient in the use of Venn diagrams for testing the validity of simple categorical arguments.
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| | | Translating into Standard Categorical Form
- Students should be able to convert ordinary English sentences into standard categorical form.
- You should recognize the parts of categorical statements:
- quantifiers: "all," "no," and "some."
- subject term: The word or phrase that names a class that serves as the grammatical subject of the statement.
- predicate term: The word or phrase that names a class that serves as the subject complement of the statement.
- copula: The linking verb ("are" or "are not") that joins the subject term with the predicate term.
- In addition, while converting sentences in to standard categorical form you'll want to apply the following tips:
- Rephrase all nonstandard subject and predicate terms so that they refer to classes;
- Rephrase all nonstandard verbs;
- Fill in any unexpressed quantifiers;
- Translate singular statements as "all" or "no" statements; and
- Translate stylistic variants into the appropriate categorical form.
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| | | Categorical Syllogisms
- You should be proficient in testing categorical syllogisms for validity with the use of Venn diagrams. To this end, students should . . .
- be familiar with, and master the application of, the six basic steps in developing Venn Diagrams discussed in the text.
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