 | Chapter Outline
(See related pages)
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce- Urban Government
- The Organization of Crafts and Trades
- Commercial Institutions
- Urban Life
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II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions- England and the Development of Parliament
- France and the Consolidation of Rule
- The Holy Roman Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
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III. Government in the East- The Byzantine Empire
- The Mongols
- Muscovite Russia
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IV. The Papacy and the Church- The Papacy
- Lay Religious Observance
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V. Learning and Literature- Philosophy
- Dante
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