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| 1 | |
Louis XIV's court at Versailles was designed to serve all of the following purposes EXCEPT |
| | A) | to impress people with his wealth, power, and refinement. |
| | B) | to insulate the court from the turmoil of the capital city. |
| | C) | to serve as a final defensive bastion in case of invasion. |
| | D) | to detach nobles from their traditional bases of power in the provinces. |
| | E) | isolate the government as a means to exercise vast personal power. |
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| 2 | |
Developing the country's bureaucracy gave Louis increased ability to do all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | expand and control the armed forces. |
| | B) | formulate and execute laws. |
| | C) | collect and disburse revenue. |
| | D) | monitor the most isolated parts of his nation. |
| | E) | disenfranchise the traditional nobility. |
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| 3 | |
Louis' foreign policy resulted in |
| | A) | decisive victories. |
| | B) | greater gains than losses. |
| | C) | only marginal gains at great cost. |
| | D) | great losses of territory and resources. |
| | E) | an important alliance with the Holy Roman Empire. |
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| 4 | |
Louis XIV's domestic policy included all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | fostering manufacturing, agriculture, and trade. |
| | B) | expelling the Huguenots. |
| | C) | quashing legal protests and crushing peasant rebellions. |
| | D) | transforming the aristocracy into a compulsory service class. |
| | E) | suppressing Jansenism. |
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| 5 | |
From late in Louis XIV's reign through the middle of Louis XV's, conditions in France generally went |
| | A) | from bad to worse. |
| | B) | from good to bad. |
| | C) | from fair to horrible. |
| | D) | from good to better. |
| | E) | from bad to better. |
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| 6 | |
After Louis XIV, the French monarchy was troubled by all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | renewed competition from aristocrats (especially in the parlements). |
| | B) | financial instability (thanks to exemptions from taxes enjoyed by the privileged). |
| | C) | incessant warfare (thanks to Louis XV's dynastic ambitions in Spain). |
| | D) | political weakness (except during the ministry of Cardinal Fleury). |
| | E) | clerical resistance to the vingtieme. |
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| 7 | |
Leopold I of Austria's rule was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | establishment of a Versailles-like palace at Schönbrunn. |
| | B) | reliance on aristocrats to help rule nationally and locally. |
| | C) | strong efforts to make imperial rule effective in Germany. |
| | D) | significant expansion to the southeast at Ottoman expense. |
| | E) | royal patronage for the arts. |
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| 8 | |
Frederick William made Brandenburg-Prussia into a power in Germany by all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | building a strong army, which rose from 8,000 men in 1648 to 22,000 in the 1650s (and 200,000 in 1786). |
| | B) | allying with the nobles, who got control of the peasants and through serfdom made their estates profitable. |
| | C) | organizing the state to sustain the army by having officers run the treasury and local administration. |
| | D) | gaining the title of King in Prussia and making Berlin into a cosmopolitan social and cultural center. |
| | E) | allying with foreign powers likely to back Prussian interests. |
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| 9 | |
International competition spurred internal state building because |
| | A) | an efficient bureaucracy, prosperous economy, and stable society were the foundations of military power. |
| | B) | as conquered peoples came under different rulers, they made use of the best aspects of each government. |
| | C) | larger powers were able to swallow up smaller states wholesale, and had to digest and integrate them. |
| | D) | rulers vied for the distinction of ruling the most fortunate state by best serving the needs of their people. |
| | E) | silencing all internal dissent made it easier to engage in foreign adventures. |
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| 10 | |
Frederick William I did all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | increase the size of the army. |
| | B) | improve the quality of the officers. |
| | C) | wear an army uniform at all times. |
| | D) | fight a war. |
| | E) | despise court life and dismiss numerous courtiers. |
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| 11 | |
Frederick the Great was all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | an outstanding general. |
| | B) | a God-fearing German Protestant. |
| | C) | a composer. |
| | D) | a ruthless statesman. |
| | E) | a poet and philosopher. |
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| 12 | |
The Habsburgs faced all of the following difficulties in forging their empire EXCEPT |
| | A) | it was made up of socially and culturally diverse territories united only by the dynasty that ruled them. |
| | B) | the local nobles in the different territories jealously defended, and tried to extend, their traditional rights. |
| | C) | Prussia, France, Spain, and Bavaria tried to take advantage of the succession of Maria Theresa, a woman. |
| | D) | they lost a number of provinces because Hungarian troops and British gold proved insufficient support. |
| | E) | an empty treasury, an inadequately trained army, and an ineffective bureaucracy. |
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| 13 | |
Maria Theresa accomplished all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | expanding Austria's tax base. |
| | B) | founding new monasteries. |
| | C) | reforming the administration. |
| | D) | modernizing the army. |
| | E) | establishing military academies to produce more professional officers. |
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| 14 | |
Spain remained an important international player in the eighteenth century because of its |
| | A) | large population. |
| | B) | powerful navy. |
| | C) | victorious army. |
| | D) | economic strength. |
| | E) | connections to the Church. |
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| 15 | |
Peter the Great accomplished all of the following during his reign EXCEPT |
| | A) | ignoring the Duma and concentrating instead on his bureaucracy. |
| | B) | beginning the westernization of Russia's economy and society. |
| | C) | taking control of the Church and ignoring representative institutions. |
| | D) | reducing the peasants to the level of serfs and forcing the nobles to serve the state. |
| | E) | establishing Russia as a major presence in the Black Sea. |
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| 16 | |
Holland, Sweden, and Poland in the eighteenth century had in common that |
| | A) | they lost out because they failed to modernize their political systems. |
| | B) | they lost out to neighbors who mobilized superior national power. |
| | C) | they lost out because they overextended themselves when successful. |
| | D) | they lost out when they could not successfully defend their territory. |
| | E) | they lost out to the Catholic powers that looked to Rome for spiritual leadership. |
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| 17 | |
The Glorious Revolution confirmed the gentry's control of England in all of the following ways EXCEPT |
| | A) | it reconfirmed that the monarchy did not have the power to defy Parliament. |
| | B) | it established that the king's ministers were also responsible to Parliament. |
| | C) | William III accepted legal restraints on his power in exchange for the crown. |
| | D) | James II took refuge with Louis XIV, identifying absolutism with the enemy. |
| | E) | it stopped any possibility of the reestablishment of Catholicism. |
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| 18 | |
All of the following both contributed to and resulted from England's economic prosperity EXCEPT |
| | A) | the success of the Bank of England. |
| | B) | the rise of the Navy. |
| | C) | the expanding market for luxury goods. |
| | D) | overseas expansion. |
| | E) | Tory dominance in politics. |
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| 19 | |
All of the following changes took place in eighteenth-century Britain EXCEPT |
| | A) | the House of Commons came to be dominated by landowners and leading townsmen. |
| | B) | Britain created a bureaucratized state with a standing army and expanding navy. |
| | C) | executive power came to be directed by a cabinet of ministers responsible to Parliament. |
| | D) | dominance in setting foreign policy shifted from the landholders to the commercial elite. |
| | E) | London became the financial capital of the world. |
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| 20 | |
The main difference between Hobbes and Locke was that Locke argued |
| | A) | people in nature have liberty but not security. |
| | B) | government is created by a contract to secure people's lives and property. |
| | C) | the sovereign is a party to the contract, and may be overthrown if he breaks it. |
| | D) | if the sovereign is overthrown, people revert to a state of nature. |
| | E) | diplomacy was an important means to domestic power. |
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