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| 1 | |
During the eighteenth century, Europe's population grew by |
| | A) | 25%. |
| | B) | 50%. |
| | C) | 75%. |
| | D) | 100%. |
| | E) | 150%. |
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| 2 | |
Europe's population rose primarily because of |
| | A) | fewer battlefield mortalities. |
| | B) | declining death rates due to improved medicine and hygiene. |
| | C) | increasing birth rates due to increased economic opportunities. |
| | D) | increasing birth rates due to a mild improvement in average climate. |
| | E) | declining death rates due to better food supply. |
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| 3 | |
How did the population increase affect the scope of economic activity during the eighteenth century? |
| | A) | Increasing competition for resources depressed the economy. |
| | B) | Increasing demand for goods and services stimulated the economy. |
| | C) | Increasing competition and increasing demand canceled each other, so there was little net effect. |
| | D) | Europe's surplus population emigrated to the colonies, making up the bulk of the labor force in them. |
| | E) | Increasing competition for scarce resources led to increasing incidents of warfare on the continent. |
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| 4 | |
Europe's economic growth had which of the following effects? |
| | A) | Rents rose while wages fell, benefiting landlords and businessmen and hurting farmers and laborers. |
| | B) | Rents rose while wages fell, benefiting farmers and laborers and hurting landlords and businessmen. |
| | C) | Rents fell while wages rose, benefiting landlords and businessmen and hurting farmers and laborers. |
| | D) | Rents fell while wages rose, benefiting farmers and laborers and hurting landlords and businessmen. |
| | E) | Rents fell and wages fell, hurting landlords, farmers, and laborers. |
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| 5 | |
Protoindustrialization had all of the following effects EXCEPT |
| | A) | economically, it strengthened marketing networks, spurred capital accumulation, and stimulated demand. |
| | B) | socially, it improved the peasants' lives while teaching them about money and industrial production. |
| | C) | demographically, it loosened restraints on marriage and births, which led to immigration into the cities. |
| | D) | technologically, it stimulated innovations that increased productivity that sustained continuous growth. |
| | E) | the volume of rural manufacturing increased under the putting-out system, as more rural families devoted time to industrial work. |
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| 6 | |
Use of better tools and the new sources of energy had all of the following effects EXCEPT |
| | A) | increasing the productivity of labor. |
| | B) | transforming manufacturing. |
| | C) | increasing the efficiency of the production process. |
| | D) | creating a new social institution: the factory. |
| | E) | making work easier and the workday shorter. |
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| 7 | |
All of the following were impediments to economic innovation EXCEPT |
| | A) | small markets due to transportation limitations. |
| | B) | demand skewed to finely crafted luxury items. |
| | C) | entrenched economic privileges such as guilds and monopolies. |
| | D) | laissez-faire attitudes among government administrators. |
| | E) | governments that maintained counter-productive policies in order to enrich themselves. |
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| 8 | |
England satisfied all of the following preconditions for innovation and economic growth EXCEPT |
| | A) | an excellent base of raw materials. |
| | B) | a docile working population held firmly in place by seigniorialism. |
| | C) | a uniform system of tariffs, laws, and standards. |
| | D) | a relatively wealthy population and pool of potential entrepreneurs. |
| | E) | access to overseas markets. |
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| 9 | |
The techniques of mass production were first developed for |
| | A) | iron making. |
| | B) | making cotton goods. |
| | C) | ship building. |
| | D) | distilling rum from colonial sugar. |
| | E) | gun manufacturing. |
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| 10 | |
Well-to-do landlords were readier to experiment with agriculture than peasants because |
| | A) | they were more intelligent than the peasants. |
| | B) | their lives did not depend on it. |
| | C) | aristocrats tended to be forward-looking. |
| | D) | peasants had an unthinking resistance to change. |
| | E) | they could use force to compel their laborers to produce. |
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| 11 | |
Enclosure had all of the following effects EXCEPT |
| | A) | increasing the productivity of the land. |
| | B) | destroying cooperative farming villages. |
| | C) | driving many peasants into destitution. |
| | D) | causing a massive rural depopulation. |
| | E) | making agricultural production more efficient. |
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| 12 | |
Eastern Europe was distinguished from Western Europe by |
| | A) | the continued existence of "feudal" relationships. |
| | B) | the dominant division between nobles and serfs. |
| | C) | the vigor of its urban commercial classes. |
| | D) | the absolutist nature of its governmental structures. |
| | E) | the control of territory by the Church. |
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| 13 | |
The British and French competed to control all of the following areas EXCEPT |
| | A) | the West Indies. |
| | B) | East Africa. |
| | C) | North America. |
| | D) | India. |
| | E) | West Africa. |
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| 14 | |
The triangular trade routes most consistently involved |
| | A) | Europe. |
| | B) | Africa. |
| | C) | Africa. |
| | D) | North America. |
| | E) | the West Indies. |
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| 15 | |
The West Indies were ideal colonies for all of the following reasons EXCEPT |
| | A) | the slave system worked well since they were islands. |
| | B) | they produced tropical crops difficult to grow elsewhere. |
| | C) | they depended on exports from Europe and America. |
| | D) | their climate was favorable for European habitation. |
| | E) | all colonial powers in the region were making money. |
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| 16 | |
The European slave system had all of the following effects EXCEPT |
| | A) | removing over 9,000,000 productive people from Africa. |
| | B) | condemning some captives to death and the rest to a life of forced labor. |
| | C) | creating luxuries and generating huge profits for the Europeans. |
| | D) | populating Latin America with a predominantly black population. |
| | E) | sparking agitation for abolition by Quaker reformers in Britain and France. |
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| 17 | |
Britain won its rivalry for dominance in the colonial world with France because |
| | A) | Britain could focus on taking control of the seas and colonies, while France also had to fight in Europe. |
| | B) | Britain was able to stay out of the Seven Years' War, while France fought in it. |
| | C) | Britain's ally Russia was able to beat France, Austria, and Prussia. |
| | D) | the French economy was more dependent on overseas trade, and thus more vulnerable in a naval war. |
| | E) | it had superior artillery that could not be matched by French fortifications. |
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| 18 | |
The Treaty of Paris did all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | eliminate French power in North America. |
| | B) | reduce French holdings in the West Indies. |
| | C) | establish British military supremacy in India. |
| | D) | remove France as a naval power of consequence. |
| | E) | essentially restored the status quo antebellum. |
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| 19 | |
Britain established control of India by all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | moving aggressively to establish an overwhelming presence. |
| | B) | exploiting divisions among Indian potentates. |
| | C) | creating a class of landholders beholden to Britain. |
| | D) | indoctrinating select Indians in British culture. |
| | E) | creating a private corporation, the London East India Company, to administer its political and commercial interests. |
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| 20 | |
The young British clerk who rose through the ranks of the East India Company to eventually oust the French from the Bengal region of India was |
| | A) | Robert Clive. |
| | B) | Lord Cornwallis. |
| | C) | William Pitt. |
| | D) | Louis Montcalm. |
| | E) | Edward Braddock. |
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