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| 1 | |
The five Great Powers at the Congress of Vienna were |
| | A) | France, England, Austria, Prussia, and Russia. |
| | B) | England, Austria, Spain, Prussia, and Russia. |
| | C) | Russia, Austria, Sweden, England, and France. |
| | D) | Austria, Prussia, Russia, England, and Turkey. |
| | E) | England, Holland, Sweden, France, and Prussia. |
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| 2 | |
Each of the following territorial arrangements were designed to create barriers to French aggression EXCEPT |
| | A) | Holland got Belgium to create a strong power in the northeast. |
| | B) | Prussia got territories in the Rhineland to increase its position to the east. |
| | C) | Austria got territory and influence in Italy to put it firmly to the southeast. |
| | D) | Spain got Portugal to create a strong power in the southwest. |
| | E) | Russia received most of Poland to be ruled as a separate kingdom. |
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| 3 | |
The Congress of Vienna started all of the following to promote long-term stability EXCEPT |
| | A) | the Concert of Europe. |
| | B) | the Holy Alliance. |
| | C) | the Zollverein. |
| | D) | modern diplomacy. |
| | E) | restoration of the Bourbons. |
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| 4 | |
Nicholas I particularly focused his attention on all of the following to make them pillars of his rule EXCEPT |
| | A) | the Orthodox Church. |
| | B) | the army. |
| | C) | the secret police. |
| | D) | the bureaucracy. |
| | E) | silencing dissent. |
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| 5 | |
The Habsburgs had to contend with all of the following sources of opposition EXCEPT |
| | A) | the aristocracy. |
| | B) | lawyers and merchants. |
| | C) | their own bureaucracy. |
| | D) | Hungarian nationalists. |
| | E) | Polish Galicia. |
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| 6 | |
Prussia's major foreign policy accomplishment in the two decades after the Congress of Vienna was |
| | A) | dominating the German Confederation. |
| | B) | creating a German customs union. |
| | C) | leading the suppression of academic radicalism. |
| | D) | championing Polish rights against Russian oppression. |
| | E) | writing a more liberal constitution for Bavaria. |
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| 7 | |
The two decades after the Congress of Vienna saw liberal uprisings in all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | Spain in 1820, when a constitutional regime was established until French intervention suppressed it. |
| | B) | Italy in 1820, when Austrian armies intervened to suppress constitutionalism in Naples and Piedmont. |
| | C) | Austria in 1825, when Hungarian rebels forced the Emperor to remove Metternich from office. |
| | D) | France in 1830, when a popular uprising in Paris forced Charles X to abdicate. |
| | E) | Sicily in 1820, when nationalists, inspired by news of revolution in Spain, rose against Naples. |
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| 8 | |
The mechanization of manufacturing depended on all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | coal, which provided energy when burned both to run machines and, processed into coke, to smelt iron. |
| | B) | iron, which was a cheap metal which could be formed into durable machines. |
| | C) | steam, which was used to transfer the energy of burning coal into the movements of iron machinery. |
| | D) | horses, which provided the horsepower that was crucial for the operation of heavy machinery. |
| | E) | charcoal, which was instrumental in the smelting process despite its expense. |
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| 9 | |
James Watt's steam engines were used to drive what textile machines? |
| | A) | Newcomen engines |
| | B) | Cartwright's spinning mule |
| | C) | Savery's atmospheric engine |
| | D) | Boulton's arc welder |
| | E) | Cartwright's power loom |
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| 10 | |
The French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars had all of the following economically harmful effects EXCEPT |
| | A) | destroying resources outright or diverting them into unproductive military activities. |
| | B) | fostering uneconomical French enterprises under the Continental System. |
| | C) | stimulating government intervention in the economy, which left a legacy of over-regulation. |
| | D) | encouraging the overexpansion of British industry, which slumped when peace came. |
| | E) | increasing government orders for agricultural supplies, causing a slump in the agriculture sector once peace came. |
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| 11 | |
The French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars had all of the following economically helpful effects EXCEPT |
| | A) | removing restrictions on agricultural and industrial production. |
| | B) | establishing uniform commercial regulations. |
| | C) | stimulating government intervention in the economy, resulting in better planning. |
| | D) | improving transportation networks and methods for mobilizing capital. |
| | E) | establishing standard weights and measures. |
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| 12 | |
Railroads revolutionized transportation in all of the following ways EXCEPT |
| | A) | by making it possible to move massive quantities of material across country. |
| | B) | by making it possible for people to move across country more freely. |
| | C) | by moving things and people more quickly. |
| | D) | by leading quickly to individual steam-powered vehicles for use on roads. |
| | E) | by stimulating construction of locomotives and railroad cars. |
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| 13 | |
The areas that industrialized after Britain included |
| | A) | Barcelona, Naples, Belgium, northern France, and the Netherlands. |
| | B) | Belgium, northern France, the Netherlands, western Germany, and northern Italy. |
| | C) | Belgium, northern France, the Netherlands, western Germany, and Saxony. |
| | D) | Belgium, northern France, the Netherlands, western Germany, and Naples. |
| | E) | Prussia, Russia, Belgium, the Netherlands, and the Kingdom of Two Sicilys. |
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| 14 | |
Governments contributed to economic development in all of the following ways EXCEPT |
| | A) | developing transportation and, in many countries, railroads. |
| | B) | setting tariffs to protect infant industries from mature foreign competitors. |
| | C) | establishing national banks to facilitate capital mobilization. |
| | D) | assisting communications, including postal services. |
| | E) | directing the allocation of resources according to a rational master plan. |
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| 15 | |
Factories contributed to industrialization in all of the following ways EXCEPT |
| | A) | by providing a site to house heavy machinery that had to be located in one place. |
| | B) | by facilitating the mobilization of capital through stocks and bank loans. |
| | C) | by making it possible to closely supervise and discipline the labor force. |
| | D) | by acting as centers of gravity for satellite enterprises and residential areas. |
| | E) | by contributing to the division of labor thus making the system more efficient. |
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| 16 | |
All of the following are examples of the process of differentiation EXCEPT |
| | A) | the separation of work life from home life because of factories. |
| | B) | the division of economic relationships from social relationships because of money and contracts. |
| | C) | the proliferation of specialized government agencies to oversee different aspects of life. |
| | D) | the growing importance of politics in peoples' thoughts and activities. |
| | E) | business affairs became more specialized, by calculation or regulation, rather than status or social connection. |
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| 17 | |
During the nineteenth century, the idea of the family |
| | A) | became more important, even as the reality of peoples' lives made it more difficult to maintain. |
| | B) | became less important, reflecting the decline of affective ties in industrial society. |
| | C) | did not change much, since the family always had been and remained the foundation of society. |
| | D) | appeared for the first time, since Europeans had earlier considered themselves members of a clan. |
| | E) | was subordinated to the economic interests of the community. |
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| 18 | |
All of the following were typical roles for nineteenth century European women EXCEPT |
| | A) | small shopkeeper. |
| | B) | factory worker. |
| | C) | nun. |
| | D) | wife and mother. |
| | E) | professional. |
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| 19 | |
During the early nineteenth century, the standard of living for the great mass of people |
| | A) | clearly rose. |
| | B) | clearly fell. |
| | C) | seems to have remained the same. |
| | D) | changed in different ways for different people. |
| | E) | rose and then fell precipitously towards the end of the century. |
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| 20 | |
During the early nineteenth century, the conditions of life of the great mass of people |
| | A) | clearly got better. |
| | B) | clearly got worse. |
| | C) | seem to have remained the same. |
| | D) | changed dramatically in ways that were generally demoralizing and frequently debilitating. |
| | E) | were strikingly similar to conditions a century earlier. |
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