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1 | |
In the Dartmouth versus Princeton study discussed in the text, each group saw a greater number of violations in their school’s football game than the other group reported. This supports the idea that_______ |
| | A) | football fans have poor observational skills. |
| | B) | there is an objective reality, BUT it is shaped by individual values. |
| | C) | that fans from Dartmouth made more observational errors than Princeton fans. |
| | D) | that fans from Princeton made more observational errors than Dartmouth fans. |
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2 | |
Social psychology has been charged with being both _____ and _____. |
| | A) | dangerous; wrong. |
| | B) | obvious; wrong. |
| | C) | trivial; dangerous. |
| | D) | obvious; useless. |
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3 | |
One reason you may not study so hard for your first test in this class is because |
| | A) | you believe you are too smart for the class. |
| | B) | you want to fail out of school. |
| | C) | who cares about GPA anyway? |
| | D) | social psychology seems obvious because of the hindsight bias. |
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4 | |
An aspect of a good theory is that it makes certain testable predictions. These are called |
| | A) | theories. |
| | B) | facts. |
| | C) | hypotheses. |
| | D) | dpredictions. |
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5 | |
A set of principles that explains and predicts events is a(n) |
| | A) | theory. |
| | B) | hypothesis. |
| | C) | fact. |
| | D) | experiment. |
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6 | |
Researcher Kohlberg argues that a child’s gender development is directly related to his/her cognitive development. This observation is called a(n) |
| | A) | hypothesis. |
| | B) | theory. |
| | C) | fact. |
| | D) | experiment. |
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7 | |
Researchers hypothesize that people who drive SUVs are bullies. Researchers set up a hidden camera by a four-point stop sign and observe what kind of car/driver is more likely to stop fully and/or not yield to the other driver’s right-of-way. What kind of study is this? |
| | A) | a laboratory experiment. |
| | B) | a naturalistic observation. |
| | C) | a case study. |
| | D) | a correlational study. |
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8 | |
Researcher Zajonc is interested in whether the mere presence of others affects individual behavior. He designs a study in which individuals are brought in and asked to make a speech to either an empty room or a room with five people in it. This type of study is best described as ______. |
| | A) | a correlational study. |
| | B) | naturalistic observation. |
| | C) | a case study. |
| | D) | a laboratory experiment. |
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9 | |
To show causality, researchers must use a(n) _____ design. |
| | A) | correlational. |
| | B) | case study. |
| | C) | naturalistic observation. |
| | D) | experimental. |
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10 | |
A study finds that kids who have a lot of electrical appliances are also more likely to use birth control. From this we can conclude |
| | A) | that a high use of electricity causes teens to use birth control. |
| | B) | nothing about causality. |
| | C) | that using birth control makes you buy electrical appliances. |
| | D) | why poor people, who can’t afford appliances, don’t use birth control . |
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11 | |
A correlational design tells us |
| | A) | that variable A causes variable B. |
| | B) | that variable B causes variable A. |
| | C) | the relationship between two variables. |
| | D) | that when variable A increases variable B must decrease. |
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12 | |
If every person in a population has an equal chance of being selected for a study, the researchers are using a _____ method of selection. |
| | A) | representative. |
| | B) | random. |
| | C) | communal. |
| | D) | cross-cultural. |
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13 | |
If White Americans make up 50 percent of the population, random sampling should yield roughly _____ percent White Americans in the experimental sample. |
| | A) | 50 |
| | B) | 75 |
| | C) | 100 |
| | D) | 0 |
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14 | |
Researchers examined the effects of the number of bystanders on people’s likelihood of helping a stranger in distress. Either alone or in the company of others, a subject witnessed an individual in need of help. Researchers then measured how likely the subject was to help the distressed individual. In this example, the number of bystanders would be the |
| | A) | independent variable. |
| | B) | dependent variable. |
| | C) | random variable. |
| | D) | confounding variable. |
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15 | |
Researchers were interested in the relationship between the amount of violenttelevision programs watched and observable acts of aggressive behavior by children towards others. They separated subjects into three groups: Group One watched 5 hours a week of violent programs; Group Two watched 10 hours a week of violent programming; and Group Three watched 15 hours of violent television shows. Researchers then polled the parents or teachers on the children’s observable aggressive behavior. In this example, aggressive behavior would be the |
| | A) | independent variable. |
| | B) | dependent variable. |
| | C) | random variable. |
| | D) | confounding variable. |
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16 | |
It has been found that children who have encyclopedias in their homes get better grades in school than children without encyclopedias. Can you conclude that using an encyclopedia makes children do better in school? |
| | A) | yes, this is an experimental study and encyclopedias are the independent variable. |
| | B) | yes, this is a correlational study and the correlation is a strong positive one. |
| | C) | no, this is a correlational study; something other than encyclopedias might help grades. |
| | D) | no, this is an experiment but there is no control group. |
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17 | |
An investigator who wishes to study the attitudes of people in Illinois selects 1,000 people in Illinois, taking care that the percentages of male and female, Black and White, young and old are the same in the sample as in state’s total population. What kind of sample is the investigator trying to obtain? |
| | A) | an independent sample. |
| | B) | a dependent sample. |
| | C) | a random sample. |
| | D) | a representative sample. |
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