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1 | |
The change in status and roles that occurs during adolescence is referred to as |
| | A) | social reform |
| | B) | social redefinition |
| | C) | social reinvention |
| | D) | social realignment |
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2 | |
The writers who believe that adolescence, as a developmental period, is defined primarily by the ways society views it as distinct from childhood and adulthood are known as |
| | A) | Inventionists |
| | B) | Creationists |
| | C) | Environmentalists |
| | D) | Behaviorists |
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3 | |
In many societies, adolescents are not permitted to engage in certain behaviors until they have reached the ___, or the legal age for adult status. |
| | A) | age of majority |
| | B) | marginal age |
| | C) | age of emerging adulthood |
| | D) | apprentice age |
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4 | |
Due in part to the increased affluence and economic freedoms enjoyed by American adolescents during the late 1940s and 1950s, this term arose to denote the frivolous and lighthearted nature of the period between childhood and adulthood |
| | A) | youth |
| | B) | apprentice |
| | C) | teenager |
| | D) | marginal man |
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5 | |
The anthropologist who wrote extensively about the social transitions of adolescence and authored Patterns of Culture was |
| | A) | Glen Elder Jr. |
| | B) | Margaret Mead |
| | C) | Laurence Steinberg |
| | D) | Ruth Benedict |
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6 | |
A status offense could be illustrated by the behavior of an adolescent engaging in which behavior? |
| | A) | using cocaine |
| | B) | not showing up for school |
| | C) | speeding |
| | D) | stealing |
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7 | |
The real or symbolic separation of an adolescent from her parents is known as |
| | A) | extrusion |
| | B) | segregation |
| | C) | protectionism |
| | D) | initiation |
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8 | |
In Latino communities, adolescent girls have a coming-out celebration known as a |
| | A) | fiesta |
| | B) | Bar Mitzvah |
| | C) | quinceanara |
| | D) | Bat Mitzvah |
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9 | |
In order to accentuate the physical and social differences between genders, some traditional societies employ the practice known as |
| | A) | extrusions |
| | B) | brother-sister avoidance |
| | C) | quinceanara |
| | D) | emerging adulthood |
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10 | |
Body piercings and tattoos in modern American society can be viewed as modern-day initiation ceremonies similar to those in 3rd world tribal societies known as |
| | A) | scarification |
| | B) | extrusion |
| | C) | collective efficacy |
| | D) | peer pressure |
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11 | |
The term introduced by Kurt Lewin to describe the adolescent's position in socity, caught in a transitional space between childhood and adulthood is |
| | A) | youth |
| | B) | apprentice |
| | C) | teenager |
| | D) | marginal man |
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12 | |
Arnett suggested that, compared to traditional societies, that modern industrialized societies are more likely to emphasize |
| | A) | strong connections between different generations within a family |
| | B) | participation in the adult culture |
| | C) | strong gender role separation during adolescence |
| | D) | the development of traits of self-reliance such as independence and |
| | E) | 110 |
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13 | |
Which of the following is most accurate in describing the clarity of social redefinition in contemporary society (i.e., the transition from adolescence to adulthood)? |
| | A) | there are many universal markers for this transition |
| | B) | society does not send consistent messages about the transition |
| | C) | social redefinition adolescents clear indication of when her responsibilities of an adult begin |
| | D) | unlike in traditional society, the defining criteria of adulthood are different for males and females in contemporary society |
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14 | |
Research findings obtained by Arnett indicates that which of the following is the number one notion held by young adults of what defines adulthood? |
| | A) | capable of supporting a family financially |
| | B) | settle into long term career |
| | C) | no longer living in parents' household |
| | D) | accept responsibility for the consequences of one's actions |
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15 | |
Many initiation ceremonies around the world employ some change in the external appearance of the individual who is entering adulthood |
| | A) | to help the individual feel that they are no longer a child. |
| | B) | the help others in the community recognize the individual's adult status. |
| | C) | to facilitate the "celebration" of the individual's entrance into adulthood. |
| | D) | to signal to the gods that the person has entered adulthood. |
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16 | |
The transition into adulthood during the early nineteenth century may actually have been it is in present time. |
| | A) | spread out over less time |
| | B) | less prolonged than |
| | C) | equivalent to what |
| | D) | even more disorderly than |
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17 | |
When the transition into adult roles is not very smooth, and is sudden, the transition is said to be |
| | A) | nonlinear |
| | B) | skewed |
| | C) | transformational |
| | D) | discontinuous |
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18 | |
Anthropologiest Ruth Benedict believed that |
| | A) | the more discontinuous the transition from adolescence to adulthood, the more stressful the experience would be. |
| | B) | the more continuous the transition from adolescence to adulthood, the more stressful the experience would be. |
| | C) | the more discontinuous the transition from adolescence to adulthood, the less stressful the experience would be. |
| | D) | the degree of continuity of the transition from adolescence to adulthood is not related to the level of stress experienced. |
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19 | |
During the early 1990s, with the enthusiastic backing of President Clinton, policy makers began calling for changes to improved the "school-to-work" transition. What statement best explains this policy change? |
| | A) | students should be segregated from the workplace until after high school graduation |
| | B) | that the best preparation for work is higher education (college degree) |
| | C) | that students would benefit from youth apprenticeships prior to high school graduation |
| | D) | students should focus exclusively upon academics until graduation |
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20 | |
Census data and historical documents led researchers to conclude that, in contrast to modern-day adolescents, adolescents of 100 years ago |
| | A) | made the transition into work roles may have occurred later |
| | B) | assumed adult responsibilities more suddenly than in contemporary times |
| | C) | were more likely to live under adult supervision for a longer time period |
| | D) | made the transition to adulthood in complete emancipation |
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21 | |
Which of the following statements is true about home-leaving among contemporary youth in industrialized countries? |
| | A) | Adolescents from single parent families tend to remain at home longer than their counterparts from two parent families. |
| | B) | Adolescents are living with their parents longer than adolescents 40 years ago. |
| | C) | Adolescents in the United States are unique in their patterns of home leaving. |
| | D) | Adolescents report that the current economic situation makes it much easier to leave home early. |
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22 | |
Of all U.S. 18 to 24 year-olds, approximately what percent either live with or are supported by their parents? |
| | A) | about 5% |
| | B) | about 10% |
| | C) | about 25% |
| | D) | about 50% |
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23 | |
In which of the following would living with one's parents in late adolescence and early adulthood be accompanied by positive feelings and close family relationships? |
| | A) | United States |
| | B) | Great Britain |
| | C) | Germany |
| | D) | Asia |
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24 | |
In his study of adolescence during the Great Depression, Elder found that adolescents from |
| | A) | families experiencing economic hardship were less likely to work than adolescents from economically privileged families. |
| | B) | economically privileged families were less likely to work than adolescents from families experiencing economic hardship. |
| | C) | all economic circumstances were unable to work due to a shortage of jobs, so there were no differences based on economic circumstances. |
| | D) | all economic circumstances were far more likely to be in school than in the work force. |
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25 | |
Recent estimates suggest that about ____ percent of American young people are at risk of failing to achieve productive adult lives. |
| | A) | 10 |
| | B) | 25 |
| | C) | 33 |
| | D) | 50 |
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26 | |
By 2003, approximately what percentage of the U.S. adolescent population is comprised of youngsters from minority backgrounds comprise? |
| | A) | 1% |
| | B) | 5% |
| | C) | 20% |
| | D) | 40% |
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27 | |
By the year 2020, ethnic minority children will account for nearly ____ of all U.S. children |
| | A) | 25% |
| | B) | 50% |
| | C) | 75% |
| | D) | 95% |
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28 | |
The author of the widely cited book, "The Truly Disadvantaged" is a. Glen Elder, Jr. |
| | A) | Margaret Mead |
| | B) | Jeanne Brooks-Gunn |
| | C) | William Julius Wilson |
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29 | |
The book The Truly Disadvantaged chronicles the negative effects that poverty has on the transition from adolescence to adulthood among which group? |
| | A) | young people in third world countries. |
| | B) | young people that grew up during the Great Depression. |
| | C) | young people growing up in the inner city. |
| | D) | young people growing up in hunting and gathering cultures. |
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30 | |
What surprising outcome was found regarding differences in transition to adulthood between immigrant adolescents and adolescents from the same ethnic group who are native-born Americans? |
| | A) | immigrant adolescents exhibited less problem behaviors |
| | B) | immigrant adolescents exhibited more problem behaviors |
| | C) | native-born Americans of the same ethnic group experienced the smoothest transition |
| | D) | there was no significant difference in frequency of problem behaviors during the transition period |
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31 | |
Poverty in neighborhoods breeds social isolation and social disorganization, undermining a neighborhood's sense of |
| | A) | continuity |
| | B) | collective efficacy |
| | C) | discontinuity |
| | D) | redefinition |
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32 | |
In impoverished neighborhoods that also have conditions of low collective efficacy, which of the following outcomes are most likely? |
| | A) | social problems spread in the same manner as in a medical epidemic |
| | B) | adolescents' risk of deviancy is no greater despite increased contact with deviant peers |
| | C) | adolescents' risk of criminal activity is no greater despite increased contact with delinquent peers |
| | D) | adolescents' risk of teen pregnancy is no greater despite increased tolerance of this behavior in such neighborhoods |
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33 | |
Across all ethnic groups, poverty is associated with the greater likelihood of what type of parenting? |
| | A) | consistent parenting |
| | B) | nurturing parenting |
| | C) | punitive parenting |
| | D) | responsible parenting |
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34 | |
Daily exposure to ___ causes stress that increases the risk of emotional and behavioral problems. |
| | A) | peer pressure |
| | B) | social transitions |
| | C) | collective efficacy |
| | D) | community violence |
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35 | |
American jurors and the U.S. Supreme Court tend to agree that juveniles convicted of first-degree murder should received the death penalty when the crime is convicted at what age? |
| | A) | 12 or higher |
| | B) | 14 or higher |
| | C) | 16 or higher |
| | D) | 18 or higher |
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