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Chapter 20: Epidemiology
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1
The science that involves the study of the cause of disease and the distribution of health states in populations is called
A)pathophysiology.
B)pathology.
C)epidemiology.
D)medicine.
E)entomology.
2
Which of the following diseases would be classified as non-communicable?
A)measles.
B)common cold.
C)influenza.
D)botulism.
E)chickenpox.
3
The number of new cases of a disease that occur within a specific time period in a population is called the ____________ of the disease.
A)mortality rate.
B)prevalence.
C)incidence.
D)morbidity rate.
E)attack rate.
4
Infection with HIV and AIDS is affecting large numbers of people worldwide. The term that best describes this condition is
A)endemic.
B)epidemic.
C)outbreak.
D)pandemic.
E)prevalent.
5
The majority of pathogens that cause human disease are carried in which of the following reservoirs?
A)insects.
B)animals.
C)water.
D)humans.
E)soil.
6
All of the following are true regarding communicable diseases EXCEPT:
A)If humans are the only reservoir, then the disease could be eradicated.
B)People can transmit some diseases even before they have symptoms of the disease.
C)People can harbor a pathogen and transmit the disease even if they never become ill from the pathogen.
D)Health care providers frequently carry pathogens that cause outbreaks in health care facilities.
E)All the above are true regarding communicable diseases.
7
Which of the following are reservoirs of infection for human disease? 1. humans 2. animals 3. insects 4. water 5. food
A)1,2,3.
B)2,3,4.
C)1,2,3,4.
D)2,3,4,5.
E)1,2,3,4,5.
8
A disease that is continually present in a population like the common cold is described as being
A)endemic.
B)epidemic.
C)communicable.
D)noncommunicable.
E)prevalent.
9
Which of the following would be classified as zoonoses? 1. rabies 2. bubonic plague 3. gonorrhea 4. mumps 5. Lyme disease
A)1,2,3.
B)1,2,5.
C)1,2,3,5.
D)1,2,3,4.
E)1,2,3,4,5.
10
All of the following diseases are caused by pathogens that are found in environmental reservoirs EXCEPT
A)botulism.
B)tetanus.
C)polio.
D)Legionnaires' disease.
E)All the above are diseases caused by environmental pathogens.
11
Portals of exit are the means by which pathogens leave an infected host and are transmitted to other hosts. Transmission that occurs as a result of sneezing and coughing is called _________________transmission.
A)direct contact.
B)horizontal.
C)vertical.
D)droplet.
E)cross contamination.
12
Inanimate objects that carry and transfer pathogens between hosts, such as doorknobs, nose tissues, bedding, and clothing are called
A)vectors.
B)fomites.
C)carriers.
D)zoonoses.
E)infectious agents.
13
Which of the following diseases are transmitted by the bite of an arthropod? 1. Lyme disease 2. malaria 3. bubonic plague 4. salmonellosis 5. shigellosis
A)1,2,3.
B)2,3,4.
C)3,4,5.
D)1,2,3,4.
E)1,2,3,4,5.
14
Many pathogens gain entrance to our bodies from the air. Which of the following mechanisms can be involved in this process? 1. close proximity to someone carrying a respiratory pathogen who is talking, laughing, sneezing, and coughing. 2. inhalation of dried droplet nuclei 3. airborne dead skin cells 4. household dust 5. soil blown by the wind
A)1.
B)1,2.
C)1,2,3.
D)1,2,3,4.
E)1,2,3,4,5.
15
What portal of entry do Shigella and E. coli require in order to cause disease?
A)respiratory.
B)gastrointestinal.
C)skin.
D)urinary tract.
E)reproductive system.
16
Which of the following factors influence the spread of an infectious agent throughout a population?
A)the dose of pathogen.
B)the incubation period of the disease.
C)the age of the population.
D)general health of the population.
E)all of the above.
17
When epidemiologists study a disease outbreak there are a variety of studies that can be performed. After the outbreak has been described, a study done to identify risk factors associated with high frequencies of the disease is called a(n) __________________study.
A)descriptive.
B)analytical.
C)experimental.
D)epidemiological.
E)retrospective.
18
Factors that have resulted in an increasing number of emerging diseases include which of the following? 1. natural evolution occurring in the microbes 2. increased use of antibiotics 3. decreased numbers of newborns and infants getting the proper vaccinations 4. human populations expanding into new habitats 5. climate changes
A)1,2,3.
B)1,2,4.
C)1,2,5.
D)1,2,3,4.
E)1,2,3,4,5.
19
An infection that occurs during a stay in a hospital or health care facility is called a
A)zoonoses.
B)nosocomial infection.
C)direct contact infection.
D)cross contamination infection.
E)carrier infection.
20
Which of the following are reasons that hospital-acquired infections are so common?
A)Hospitals contain large numbers of people who are infected with pathogens.
B)There is a greater concentration of antibiotic resistant microbes in health care facilities.
C)Health care workers can serve as carriers from patient to patient.
D)Hospitals contain many susceptible hosts.
E)All the above.
21
Sewage treatment programs in rural parts of South Africa have effectively controlled the transmission of bacterial diarrheas. Which of the following statements is true about the spread of bacterial diarrhea?
A)It is highly communicable.
B)The disease is endemic.
C)The disease is pandemic.
D)It results from fecal contamination of water.
E)It results from cultural practices.
22
A physician diagnoses a patient with the notifiable disease toxic shock syndrome. The term notifiable means that the physician is required to report the disease to the following:
A)The National Centers for Disease Control.
B)The World Health Organization.
C)The patient's family.
D)All sexual partners of the patient.
E)None of the above.
23
Outbreaks of E. coli O157:H7 could be better controlled if local governments had stricter regulations on which of the following:
A)Water treatment.
B)Food inspection.
C)Mosquito control.
D)Sexual practices.
E)Hospital linen sterilization.
24
The most deadly bioterrorism organisms are those that ___________________.
A)are transmitted through water.
B)are transmitted through food.
C)are nosocomial.
D)require a vector.
E)cause contagious disease.
25
Removing rats from urban European areas is one strategy for reducing bubonic plague. Which is the best reason why this is an effective plague control strategy?
A)Rat allergies weaken the immune system, making people susceptible to plague.
B)Rats attract cats that carry plague.
C)Rats are a reservoir for plague.
D)Rats carry plague from house to house on their fur.
E)The strategy is not effective and has not worked to control plague.





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