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Chapter 21: Antimicrobial Medications
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1
The use of salvarsan to treat syphilis was an early example of
A)inhibition.
B)chemotherapy.
C)an antibiotic.
D)a streptomycin.
2
The antibiotic penicillin was discovered by _________ in _________.
A)Koch, 1898.
B)Fleming, 1929.
C)Ehrlich, 1918.
D)Florey, 1941.
3
The group of diverse chemicals produced by the natural biosynthetic processes of some molds and bacteria are defined as
A)antibiotics.
B)insecticides.
C)disinfectants.
D)antiseptics.
4
Medicine and/or disinfectants that kill microorganisms have the suffix "_____" in their description.
A)-cidal.
B)-static.
C)-anti.
D)-genic.
5
The rate of elimination of an antimicrobial is expressed as its
A)metabolic destructive rate.
B)half-life.
C)effective time.
D)dosage rate.
6
When one drug interferes with the activity of another, the combination is said to be
A)cohesive.
B)addition.
C)antagonistic.
D)synergistic.
7
Which of the following antibiotics impairs cell wall synthesis?
A)penicillin.
B)isoniazid.
C)sulfones.
D)polymyxin.
8
Trimethoprim functions to alter bacterial metabolism by
A)inhibiting bacterial enzyme production.
B)altering DNA sequences.
C)inhibiting cell wall development.
D)blocking folic acid synthesis.
9
Which of the following drugs will cure a viral infection?
A)AZT.
B)acyclovir.
C)metronidazole.
D)none of the above.
10
The usefulness of all known antimicrobial medications has been limited by
A)the discovery of new diseases.
B)the discovery of new and totally different infectious disease agents.
C)the development of resistant strains of infectious agents.
D)the increasing number of allergies that develop to the antimicrobials.
11
The lowest concentration of an antimicrobial capable of preventing growth of the microorganism is termed its
A)minimum lethal dose, 50 percent.
B)least toxic concentration.
C)minimal inhibitory concentration.
D)minimum lethal dose.
12
When the natural composition of a microbe makes it resistant to an antibiotic, the descriptive term used is
A)R plasmid.
B)hypersensitivity.
C)innate resistance.
D)immunity.
13
Tetracycline resistance by an infectious agent is due to the organism's ability to
A)prevent the antibiotic from entering the cell.
B)denature the antibiotic before it can harm the organism.
C)actively pump the antibiotic out of the cell.
D)Both A and C.
14
The antibacterial activity of all members of the penicillin family depends on the presence of a(n)
A)beta lactam ring.
B)alpha reciprocal.
C)resistance to penicillinase.
D)total chemical structure.
15
Which antibiotic substances are somewhat similar in structure to penicillin and have the same mode of action?
A)cephalosporins.
B)clavulanic acid.
C)sulbactom.
D)tetracycline.
16
Which of the following antimicrobials is bacteriostatic rather than bacteriocidal?
A)cephalosporin.
B)Aztreonam.
C)tetracycline.
D)penicillin.
17
Which of the following is a serious, though infrequent, complication of chloramphenicol use?
A)malabsorption syndrome.
B)aplastic anemia.
C)Burkitt's lymphoma.
D)allergic reaction.
18
Which of the following antimicrobials is bactericidal against Gram-positive organisms and is frequently used as a topical antibiotic ointment?
A)erythromycin.
B)polymyxin.
C)streptomycin.
D)bacitracin.
19
The synthetic bactericidal compounds effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa are
A)sulfa drugs.
B)trimethoprims.
C)penicillins.
D)quinolones.
20
The antiviral medication that prevents assembly of the viral core protein and in this way is used to prevent influenza is
A)amantadine.
B)alpha-interferon.
C)ribaviran.
D)foscarnet.
21
A physician prescribes antibiotics to an infant with a serious sore throat. What must the physician know first before prescribing an antimicrobial treatment?
A)The type of microorganism causing the sore throat.
B)The time the infection started.
C)The infant's allergies.
D)The infant's blood type.
E)Whether others in the household are also sick.
22
An infant was discovered to have an ear infection caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Neisseria. What would be the preferred treatment?
A)AZT
B)Acyclovir
C)Penicillin
D)Mystatin
E)Ivermectin
23
A physician wishes to reduce the incidence of antibiotic resistance bacteria developing in her community. Which of the following is the best strategy when treating mild bacterial diseases?
A)Give only large doses of antibiotics.
B)Prescribe chemotherapy in place of antibiotics.
C)Give antibiotics only when prescribing antihistamines.
D)Treat only every other patient.
E)Treat the symptoms and withhold giving antibiotics.
24
Why are elderly patients given lower dosages of antimicrobial drugs than young adults?
A)Elderly patients usually weigh less.
B)Antibiotics are not broken down in the body as effectively in elderly patients.
C)Antibiotics are not broken down in the body as effectively in young adults.
D)Antibiotics work better in elderly people.
E)The immune systems of young adults are less adapted to microbial disease.
25
Few drugs are available for the treatment of worm diseases. This is true primarily for the following reason.
A)Worms are difficult to kill.
B)There are too many worm diseases.
C)Worm diseases are not common in countries that produce drugs.
D)Worm diseases are rarely harmful to humans.
E)Almost all worms have innate resistance to treatment.





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