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Chapter 23: Respiratory System Infections
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1
Inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli become filled with pus is called _________________.
A)bronchitis.
B)pneumonitis.
C)pneumonia.
D)pleurisy.
E)bronchiolitis.
2
Which of the following is/are important parts of the mucociliary escalator? 1. mucus 2. cilia 3. goblet cells 4. columnar epithelium 5. alveoli
A)1,2.
B)1,2,3.
C)2,3,4.
D)1,2,3,4.
E)1,2,3,4,5.
3
All of the following are true of the normal flora of the respiratory system EXCEPT:
A)Aerobes, facultative anaerobes, and anaerobes are all present.
B)The middle ear, the sinuses, trachea, bronchioles, and alveoli are normally sterile.
C)Normal flora of some people include Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, and Streptococcus.
D)Since these microbes are part of the normal flora, they are not pathogenic.
E)All the above are true.
4
All of the following virulence factors are produced by Streptococcus pyogenes EXCEPT:
A)protein F that assists in attachment.
B)M-protein that interferes with complement.
C)a capsule that inhibits phagocytosis.
D)protein G that binds to immunoglobulins and prevents phagocytosis.
E)All of the above are virulence factors produced by Streptococcus pyogenes.
5
All of the following diseases are caused by Streptococcus pyogenes EXCEPT:
A)strep throat.
B)scarlet fever.
C)streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.
D)flesh-eating necrotizing fasciitis.
E)walking pneumonia.
6
Streptococcus pyogenes produces many virulence factors. All of the following virulence factors and their functions are correct EXCEPT:
A)protein F mediates attachment.
B)M protein interferes with complement and therefore phagocytosis.
C)streptolysins lyse erythrocytes and leukocytes.
D)protein G inhibits phagocytosis by interfering with antibodies.
E)All of the above are correct.
7
Complications of streptococcal infections include scarlet fever, toxic shock syndrome, and necrotizing fasciitis. The virulence factor that causes these complications is which of the following?
A)hyaluronidase.
B)streptolysins.
C)streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin.
D)peptidases.
E)M protein.
8
All of the following are true with regard to diphtheria EXCEPT:
A)childhood immunization protects us against this disease.
B)it usually begins as a mild sore throat and a low grade fever.
C)it is characterized by a white-grayish membrane in the throat.
D)it is self-limiting like a cold or the flu and is not a serious disease.
E)it is caused by a species of Corynebacterium.
9
Which of the following are the most common pathogens that cause pinkeye, earache, and sinus infections?
1. Corynebacterium
2. Haemophilus influenzae
3. rhinoviruses
4. Streptococcus pneumoniae
5. Staphylococcus aureus
A)1,3.
B)2,4.
C)1,2,3.
D)2,3,4,5.
E)1,2,4.
10
All of the following are true with regard to conjunctivitis EXCEPT:
A)it can lead to destruction of the eye in serious cases.
B)it can result from improper handling of contact lenses.
C)it is caused only by bacteria.
D)the eye can become infected by respiratory droplets or by rubbing the eyes.
E)it is also called pinkeye.
11
Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE with regard to the common cold?
A)With or without treatment, it usually lasts for about a week.
B)Symptoms include sore throat, runny nose, and malaise.
C)They are frequently caused by rhinoviruses, of which there are more than 100.
D)Humans can be infected with cold viruses from their pets.
E)It is most effectively transmitted by someone who is experiencing the most severe symptoms of a cold.
12
Which of the following statements are true with regard to the prevention and treatment of the common cold? 1. Vaccinations are effective against the common cold. 2. Antibiotics can decrease the severity of the common cold. 3. Handwashing helps to reduce the number of colds. 4. Keeping your hands away from your face helps reduce the number of colds. 5. Minimizing exposure to crowded places and exposure to people who are in the first couple of days of the onset of symptoms of a cold.
A)1,2,3.
B)2,3,4.
C)1,2,3,4.
D)3,4,5.
E)1,2,3,4,5.
13
All of the following are true regarding adenoviral pharyngitis EXCEPT:
A)It can cause epidemics of upper respiratory infections.
B)It can occasionally cause pneumonia.
C)Unlike the common cold, fever is commonly associated with these infections.
D)Recovery usually occurs without treatment.
E)Unlike the common cold, these infections are all caused by one or two viruses.
14
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding bacterial infections of the lower respiratory system?
A)They are more common than infections of the upper respiratory system.
B)They are usually more serious than upper respiratory infections.
C)They are the most frequent cause of death among infectious diseases in the U.S.
D)They are a frequent form of nosocomial infection.
E)Pneumonia, whooping cough, and TB are examples of lower respiratory infections.
15
Which of the following statements is true regarding pneumococcal pneumonia? 1. It is responsible for the majority of cases of pneumonia that require hospitalization. 2. Symptoms include fever, chest pain, cough, and a body-shaking chill. 3. The bacteria are inhaled into the alveoli and begin multiplying there. 4. The virulent form of bacteria is encapsulated. 5. Fluid accumulation in the alveoli can be seen on X-ray.
A)1,2,3.
B)1,2,3,4.
C)2,3,4.
D)2,3,4,5.
E)1,2,3,4,5.
16
Complications of pneumococcal pneumonia include all of the following EXCEPT:
A)pleurisy (inflamed pleura).
B)septicemia.
C)endocarditis.
D)meningitis.
E)All the above are possible complications.
17
The bacterium that causes the disease known as walking pneumonia is __________________.
A)Streptococcus pyogenes.
B)Streptococcus pneumoniae.
C)Klebsiella pneumoniae.
D)Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
E)Haemophilus influenzae.
18
A disease that has as its major symptom sudden bouts of paroxysmal coughing that if followed by a whooping sound would be:
A)diphtheria.
B)pertussis.
C)tuberculosis.
D)adenoviral pharyngitis.
E)walking pneumonia.
19
Which of the following statements is true with regard to tuberculosis?
1. It has increased primarily due to the AIDS epidemic.
2. It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
3. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a rapidly growing bacterium.
4. It is contracted by inhaling airborne bacteria.
5. The bacteria are capable of multiplying within the macrophages of the lung.
A)1,2,3.
B)1,2,4.
C)1,2,3,4.
D)1,2,4,5.
E)1,2,3,4,5.
20
Which of the following is NOT TRUE with regard to influenza?
A)Reye's syndrome and Gullian-Barré syndrome are possible serious complications of the virus or the vaccination.
B)Virus is typically acquired by respiratory route.
C)It is caused by a DNA virus.
D)Vaccines can be very effective in preventing disease.
E)Amantidine can be effective in preventing some types of influenza.
21
A very serious and often fatal pulmonary infection acquired by inhalation of dust contaminated with urine and feces of infected rodents is:
A)respiratory syncytial virus.
B)hantavirus.
C)Ebola virus.
D)influenza virus.
E)Marburg virus.
22
People with immune deficiencies suffer from regular bouts of respiratory infections. Which of the following is the most likely cause?
A)Their respiratory systems are attacked by the normal flora.
B)The normal flora die, leaving behind pathogenic bacteria.
C)Drugs used to treat immune deficiencies encourage bacterial growth.
D)The respiratory bacteria are better able to compete with viruses in immune deficient people.
E)They are more likely to encounter pathogenic bacteria.
23
A cardiologist is studying the probable cause of heart failure in a patient. She investigates the history of respiratory diseases in the patient. What respiratory disease is the cardiologist most interested in finding?
A)Diphtheria.
B)Pink eye.
C)Adenoviral pharyngitis.
D)Influenza.
E)Strep throat.
24
A local outbreak of illnesses swept through a Native American Reservation in Utah. Most people suffered from fever and muscle aches. Others had diarrhea. Almost all people had a variety of breathing problems and respiratory illnesses. Immediately upon hearing of this outbreak, the local state public health office warned people to control rodents in the area. What was the rationale for this warning?
A)The outbreak was likely caused by hantavirus.
B)They wanted to prevent fleas from further spreading the disease.
C)They were afraid rodents would contract it from humans.
D)The strategy is known to limit the spread of TB.
E)None of the above provides adequate rationale.
25
In which state would public health officials find it unusual to have an outbreak of histoplasmosis?
A)Illinois.
B)Missouri.
C)Texas.
D)Oregon.
E)West Virginia.





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