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| 1 | |
This microbe is the most common agent that causes illness associated with recreational water: |
| | A) | Pseudomonas aeruginosa. |
| | B) | Shigella. |
| | C) | Cryptosporidium parvum. |
| | D) | Toxoplasma gondii. |
| | E) | Echovirus. |
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| 2 | |
What chemical contaminant, when present in water, can be acted upon by microbes to produce a powerful nerve toxin that may be lethal to humans? |
| | A) | copper. |
| | B) | mercury. |
| | C) | lead. |
| | D) | fluoride. |
| | E) | nitrogen. |
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| 3 | |
All of the following are true of potable water except: |
| | A) | It is drinkable. |
| | B) | It contains dissolved substances. |
| | C) | It is void of microbes. |
| | D) | It contains chemicals. |
| | E) | It contains viruses. |
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| 4 | |
Most organisms cannot survive the high water temperature of a hot tub. This organism, however, not only survives high temperature, but it is the leading cause of dermatitis obtained from soaking in a hot tub. |
| | A) | Legionella pneumoniae. |
| | B) | Leptospirosis. |
| | C) | Giardia lamblias. |
| | D) | Pseudomonas aeruginosa. |
| | E) | Coxsackieviruses. |
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| 5 | |
Sources of contamination of aquifer and groundwater could be |
| | A) | broken sewer lines. |
| | B) | fertilizers used on farmland. |
| | C) | defective well casing. |
| | D) | leaking waste pits from animal farms. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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| 6 | |
In 1992, many residents of Milwaukee suffered from bouts of diarrhea caused by this insidious parasite that somehow found its way into the city water supply: |
| | A) | Cryptosporidium. |
| | B) | Echovirus. |
| | C) | Vibrio cholerae. |
| | D) | Shigella. |
| | E) | Salmonella. |
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| 7 | |
City recreational pools, water parks and campground lakes are regularly tested for fecal contamination. The recommended allowable number of organisms set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is |
| | A) | 1000 organisms per 100 ml of water. |
| | B) | 200 organisms per 100 ml of water. |
| | C) | 1200 organisms per 100 ml of water. |
| | D) | 2000 organisms per 100 ml of water. |
| | E) | none of the above. |
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| 8 | |
The order of steps used in the treatment of sewage water is: 1. Water is treated with ultraviolet radiation, chlorination or ozone. 2. Water is held in holding ponds. 3. Water is filtered through beds of sand or charcoal. 4. Water is treated with aluminum potassium sulfate. 5. Sludge is removed from the water. |
| | A) | 2, 3, 1, 4, 5. |
| | B) | 4, 2, 3, 1, 5. |
| | C) | 3, 4, 5, 1, 2. |
| | D) | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. |
| | E) | 2, 5, 4, 3, 1. |
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| 9 | |
Coliforms are a group of bacteria that have all the following characteristics EXCEPT: |
| | A) | They are lactose fermenters. |
| | B) | They are non-spore forming organisms. |
| | C) | They are Gram-positive rod shaped organisms. |
| | D) | They are found in the soil. |
| | E) | They are commonly found in the feces of mammals. |
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| 10 | |
The most common organism used as a indicator of fecal contamination in water is |
| | A) | Escherichia coli. |
| | B) | Staphylococcus aureus. |
| | C) | Acanthamoeba. |
| | D) | Vibrio cholerae. |
| | E) | Giardia lamblias. |
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| 11 | |
This method can be used to detect microorganisms and viruses on membrane filters: |
| | A) | chlorination of filter. |
| | B) | cultivation of organisms using lactose broth. |
| | C) | streaking of organism on EMB plate. |
| | D) | using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). |
| | E) | spore staining. |
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| 12 | |
This group of microbes is detrimental in the anaerobic degradation of carbon compounds into inorganic compounds during the treatment of sewage: |
| | A) | coliforms. |
| | B) | lactose - producing organisms. |
| | C) | photosynthetic organisms. |
| | D) | Gram-positive organisms. |
| | E) | methanogens. |
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| 13 | |
Large scale wastewater treatment plants strive to 1. Increase the BOD of wastewater. 2. Convert inorganic material to organic material. 3. Decrease the BOD of wastewater. 4. Separate sediment material from fluid. 5. Remove phosphate and nitrogen compounds from treated waters. |
| | A) | 1, 2, 5 are correct. |
| | B) | 1, 2, 4, are correct. |
| | C) | 3, 4, 5 are correct. |
| | D) | 3, 2, 5 are correct. |
| | E) | 2, 3, 4 are correct. |
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| 14 | |
During this stage of sewage treatment, most pathogenic bacteria are eliminated from sewage: |
| | A) | primary treatment. |
| | B) | secondary treatment. |
| | C) | tertiary treatment. |
| | D) | treatment of sewage with phosphates. |
| | E) | during sedimentation. |
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| 15 | |
If a sewage treatment plant allowed treated waters to be returned to lakes and streams without first removing nitrates or phosphates from the treated waters it could result in |
| | A) | eutrophication of the lake or stream. |
| | B) | a decrease in algae growth. |
| | C) | an increase in aquatic life. |
| | D) | a decrease in the number of microbes. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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| 16 | |
The method by which sewage is treated depends on |
| | A) | the amount of sewage material. |
| | B) | the presence of toxic materials in the wastewater. |
| | C) | the kind of water to be treated. |
| | D) | the BOD content of the water. |
| | E) | all of the above are correct. |
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| 17 | |
The actual reason for the decline in the number of pathogenic aerobic organisms in sewage waters is |
| | A) | the presence of organic material. |
| | B) | a decrease in oxygen demand. |
| | C) | an increase in carbon products. |
| | D) | competitive inhibition. |
| | E) | the presence of bacteriophage. |
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| 18 | |
Small-scale sewage systems are challenged to find new methods by which sewage can be treated. One method uses a device with a rotating arm that sprays a small amount of sewage at a slow rate over a coarse bed of gravel. The bed of gravel contains a biofilm that aerobically breaks down the sewage. This method is known as |
| | A) | lagooning. |
| | B) | the activated sludge method. |
| | C) | sludge recycling. |
| | D) | the trickling filter method. |
| | E) | septic tank filtration. |
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| 19 | |
Disposal of sludge from a sewage treatment plant poses a problem for many communities. One productive use of this disposal may be: |
| | A) | use as a fertilizer for crops. |
| | B) | use as a fertilizer for trees in the lumber industry. |
| | C) | use as an additive to promote growth in lakes and streams. |
| | D) | use as a cheap combustible source of power for electrical plants. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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| 20 | |
Small subdivisions of homes or small communities can use alternative methods to properly break down sewage. These methods include: |
| | A) | the trickling filter method. |
| | B) | lagooning. |
| | C) | creation of artificial wetlands. |
| | D) | individual septic tank systems. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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| 21 | |
All health clubs have health warning signs that ask people to bathe before entering hot tubs. Which of the following is most likely the reason for this precaution? |
| | A) | It reduces foaming in the tub. |
| | B) | Body dirt dilutes the chlorine. |
| | C) | It reduces odors given off by the hot water. |
| | D) | Shedding body cells clog the hot tub piping. |
| | E) | It reduces the chance of Pseudomonas contamination. |
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| 22 | |
A rash of rotavirus food poisoning in 2002 on cruise ships has led to tighter food handling regulations on ships. Crews on cargo vessels from South America regularly come down with Cryptosporidium. Which of the following measures would best reduce the incidence of Cryptosporidium on ships? |
| | A) | Ensuring food is stored properly. |
| | B) | Ensuring sewage water is sterilized before being dumped into the ocean. |
| | C) | Ensuring seafood and meats are thoroughly cooked. |
| | D) | Ensuring drinking water is potable. |
| | E) | Ensuring drinking water comes from supplies suitable for recreation. |
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| 23 | |
Research studies investigating oil spills on wetlands near refineries show that the oil has an effect on wetland microbes. Which is the most likely outcome of oil spills in wetlands? |
| | A) | The oil poisons all the microbes. |
| | B) | The oil enhances the growth of the microbes. |
| | C) | The oil is used in place of normal foods by the microbes. |
| | D) | The oil has no significant effect. |
| | E) | The oil favors some microbes while harming others. |
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| 24 | |
The Environmental Protection Agency is looking at reducing the amount of antimicrobial chemicals entering wastewater systems. Which of the following is the main rationale for this concern? |
| | A) | The antimicrobial chemicals may interfere with sewage treatment. |
| | B) | Antimicrobial chemicals could increase sewage odors. |
| | C) | The antimicrobial chemicals add a yellow color to the wastewater. |
| | D) | The soap in antimicrobial chemicals causes water foaming. |
| | E) | The antimicrobial chemicals kill needed pathogens in wastewater. |
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| 25 | |
Fish kills regularly occur a few days to several weeks after raw sewage washes into waterways. Which of the following best explains why the fish are dying? |
| | A) | The bacteria cause immediate disease to the fish. |
| | B) | The fish die when the bacteria elevate the BOD to a certain level. |
| | C) | The fish die after overfeeding on the bacteria. |
| | D) | The bacteria use up all the nutrients needed by fish. |
| | E) | The bacteria compete with fish for carbon dioxide. |
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