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Chapter 7: The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein
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1
The current view is that one gene encodes one
A)enzyme.
B)protein.
C)mutant.
D)biochemical pathway.
E)chromosome genes.
2
Which of the following statements about DNA is FALSE?
A)DNA is composed of four different units.
B)DNA encodes the blueprint for all cell structures and processes.
C)A cell's genome is composed of DNA.
D)The study and analysis of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called genetics.
E)DNA usually occurs in a cell as a double-stranded helical structure.
3
The two strands in a molecule of DNA are
A)complementary.
B)held together by hydrogen bonds.
C)antiparallel.
D)denatured when they are separated into single strands.
E)All of the above are correct.
4
How does RNA differ from DNA?
A)RNA is made up of ribonucleotides instead of deoxyribonucleotides.
B)RNA is usually single-stranded, whereas DNA is usually double-stranded.
C)RNA contains uracil instead of thymine.
D)RNA is much shorter than DNA.
E)All of the above are correct.
5
Which of the following does NOT correctly complete the sentence: "Replication of DNA
A)is bidirectional."
B)is semiconservative."
C)occurs before binary fission."
D)is catalyzed by RNA polymerase."
E)All of the above are correct.
6
Which of the following pairs of terms are mismatched?
A)DNA polymerase - adds a nucleotide to the 5' end.
B)DNA ligase - seals gaps between adjacent fragments of DNA.
C)DNA gyrase - unwinds two strands of the DNA helix.
D)Ribozymes - cut or polymerize RNA.
E)RNase - degrades mRNA.
7
Which of the following pairs of terms are mismatched?
A)DNA polymerase - uses DNA for a template.
B)RNA polymerase - uses DNA for a template.
C)RNA polymerase - recognizes a promoter.
D)Ribosome - uses mRNA for a template.
E)All are correctly matched.
8
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)The genetic code is universal, meaning that it is used by all organisms.
B)A codon consists of four nucleotides.
C)More than one codon can encode a specific amino acid.
D)The 3 stop codons do not have a corresponding tRNA.
E)All of the above are true statements.
9
Which of the following terms are mismatched?
A)anticodon - tRNA.
B)codon - mRNA or DNA.
C)promoter - DNA.
D)operator - RNA.
E)origin of replication - DNA.
10
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)There are 64 different tRNAs.
B)Each tRNA recognizes only one codon.
C)Two mRNAs with different nucleotide sequences never code for the same protein.
D)mRNAs that encode membrane proteins contain signal sequences at their amino terminal end.
E)All of the statements above are false.
11
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of eukaryotic gene expression?
A)mRNA molecules are extensively modified.
B)mRNA is often polycistronic.
C)mRNA is capped.
D)mRNA contains introns.
E)mRNA is polyadenylated.
12
Which of the following terms and definitions do not match?
A)Catabolite repression - inhibition of the synthesis of catabolic enzymes by a preferred metabolite.
B)Quorum sensing - detection of the density of cells within the population.
C)Antigenic variation - changing the expression of surface proteins.
D)Phase variation - switching on and off of certain genes.
E)All of the terms are correctly defined.
13
All of the following occur in catabolite repression EXCEPT which one?
A)Glucose is metabolized before any other carbohydrate.
B)When glucose is abundant the cell will have high levels of cAMP.
C)After all of the glucose is consumed, growth ceases for a period of time while cells synthesize new enzymes.
D)cAMP binds to CAP, which then binds upstream of the promoter and enhances expression of lactose degradative enzymes.
E)If lactose and glucose are not present the CAP/cAMP complex binds to the activating site but transcription is blocked.
14
The rapid sequencing methodologies have yielded vast amounts of data that have to be analyzed to extract pertinent information. This has resulted in the emergence of a new field called _______ to create the computer technology to store, retrieve, and analyze sequence data.
A)genomics.
B)genetics.
C)biotechnology.
D)bioinformatics.
E)recombinant DNA.
15
A new treatment for cytomegolavirus infections prevents the expression of two proteins required for viral replication. This treatment, called fomivirsen is
A)a protein.
B)antisense RNA.
C)single-stranded DNA.
D)an enzyme.
E)an allosteric inhibitor.
16
Diphtheria toxin destroys eukaryotic cells by
A)binding to DNA polymerase and blocking replication.
B)binding to RNA polymerase and blocking transcription.
C)binding to a promoter and blocking transcription.
D)binding to an elongation factor and blocking translation.
E)None of the above.
17
Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic mRNA transcripts
A)contain introns.
B)have 5' and 3' ends.
C)are polycistronic.
D)are polyadenylated.
E)are capped.
18
Genes encoding ___________________enzymes are always active.
A)inducible.
B)repressed.
C)catabolic.
D)constitutive.
E)biosynthetic.
19
Sigma factors bind to
A)operators.
B)promoters.
C)activator-binding sites.
D)origins of replication.
E)operons.
20
Which of the following terms and definitions is mismatched?
A)regulon - set of genes that are transcribed as separate units but are controlled by the same regulatory protein.
B)operon - set of genes that are transcribed as a unit and coordinately controlled by a regulatory protein.
C)operator - a region of DNA immediately downstream of a promoter.
D)corepressor - forms a complex with the repressor that binds to the operator.
E)All of the above are correct.
21
A new fungus was discovered to produce a secretion that immediately stops bacteria from replicating. Which of the following does the secretion most likely inhibit?
A)Replication fork formation.
B)RNA polymerase.
C)Translation.
D)Transcription.
E)None of the above.
22
The bacterium Vibrio fischeri glows only when it grows in dense populations. Which term best represents the genetic regulation controlling the glow?
A)Constitutive.
B)Quorum sensing.
C)Catabolite repression.
D)Allostery.
E)Product inhibition.
23
Bioremediation bacteria prefer to metabolize glucose for energy over the pollutants that they were selected to degrade. Which genetics term best describes this observation?
A)Constitutive.
B)Finicky.
C)Allostery.
D)Signal transduction.
E)Diauxic.
24
A scientist notices that adding the pesticide DDT to a culture of bacteria encourages the production of enzymes that degrade the DDT. The following term best describes the type of genetic control observed by the scientist:
A)Repression.
B)Induction.
C)Positive control.
D)Negative control.
E)None of the above.
25
A scientist finds a chemical that disrupts the function of RNA polymerase so that the polymerase builds an inaccurate mRNA. She notes that it has a more significant impact on bacteria than on eukaryotic cells. Which of the following best explains her observation?
A)Eukaryotic cells do not use RNA polymerase.
B)Eukaryotic cells have introns in their DNA.
C)Bacteria are more likely to have monocistronic genes.
D)Bacteria are more likely to have polycistronic genes.
E)Eukaryotic cells are more likely to have polycistronic genes.





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