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| 1 | |
In a nerve, what structure does the axon originate from? (p. 456) |
| | A) | the axon hillock |
| | B) | the soma |
| | C) | the dendrite |
| | D) | the neurofibrils |
| | E) | the terminal bouton |
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| 2 | |
Derived from white blood cells, these cells in the central nervous system are often found at the site of injury of brain tissue. (p. 460) |
| | A) | oligodendrocytes |
| | B) | Schwann cells |
| | C) | astrocytes |
| | D) | ependymal cells |
| | E) | microglia |
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| 3 | |
A substance which stimulates a neuron to increase the number of receptors it has within its post synaptic membrane would be a (p. 477) |
| | A) | neurotransmitter |
| | B) | peptide |
| | C) | neuromodulator |
| | D) | nerve growth factor |
| | E) | neural integration factor |
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| 4 | |
During the depolarization phase of an action potential in a neuron (pp. 467-469) |
| | A) | K+ ions move from inside to outside the membrane |
| | B) | Na+ ions move from outside to inside the membrane |
| | C) | The Na/K ATPase pumps Na into the cell |
| | D) | K+ and Na+ ions trade places across the membrane |
| | E) | Both K+ and Na+ move from outside to inside the membrane |
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| 5 | |
Action potentials become weaker with distance. (p. 469) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 6 | |
Myelinated nerve fibers conduct action potentials faster than unmyelinated fibers. (pp. 470-472) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 7 | |
The neuronal circuitry typically encountered which allows the brain to control several skeletal muscles simultaneously would be a converging circuit. (p. 482) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 8 | |
The three fundamental physiological properties of nerve tissue are excitability, conductivity, and the ability to chemically excite other nerve cells. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 9 | |
Which of the following is true? |
| | A) | Neuroglial cells outnumber neurons in the brain by 1000 to 1. |
| | B) | The somatic nervous system innervates the glands, and the cardiac and smooth muscle. |
| | C) | In the CNS, gray matter contains neuronal cell bodies, while white matter contains axons. |
| | D) | The peripheral nervous system consists of the spinal cord, spinal nerves, and ganglia. |
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| 10 | |
Which of the following cell types develops from WBCs called monocytes? |
| | A) | schwann cells |
| | B) | oligodendrocytes |
| | C) | astrocytes |
| | D) | microglia |
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| 11 | |
Which type of neuroglial cell produces cerebrospinal fluid? |
| | A) | ependymal cells |
| | B) | astrocytes |
| | C) | oligodendrocytes |
| | D) | satellite cells |
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| 12 | |
Golden-brown pigment granules called lipofuscin are abundant in very young neurons. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 13 | |
In a neuron, the greatest concentration of neurotransmitter is found in the |
| | A) | cell body. |
| | B) | collateral branches. |
| | C) | terminal arborization. |
| | D) | synaptic knobs. |
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| 14 | |
The slowest nerve signal conduction rate occurs over large, myelinated nerve fibers. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 15 | |
Myelin is 80% lipid and 20% protein. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 16 | |
In a schwann cell, the neurilemma is |
| | A) | the outermost coil of the schwann cell. |
| | B) | the nucleus of the schwann cell. |
| | C) | a thin layer of connective tissue composed of basement membrane and collagen fibers. |
| | D) | formed by oligodendrocytes. |
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| 17 | |
Nodes of Ranvier are gaps between adjacent |
| | A) | neurons. |
| | B) | dendrites. |
| | C) | oligodendrocytes. |
| | D) | schwann cells. |
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| 18 | |
Which of the following uses a motor protein called dynein to move substances along microtubules in the axons |
| | A) | retrograde transport |
| | B) | slow axonal transport |
| | C) | axoplasmic flow |
| | D) | fast anterograde transport |
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| 19 | |
A crushed peripheral nerve can be repaired if which of the following is(are) healthy? |
| | A) | cell body and dendrites |
| | B) | neurilemma alone |
| | C) | dendrites and neurilemma |
| | D) | cell body and neurilemma |
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| 20 | |
Which of the following statements is false? |
| | A) | A neuron cell membrane is very permeable to K+. |
| | B) | Na+ is 40 times as concentrated in the ICF as in the ECF. |
| | C) | The Na+/ K+ pump removes 3 Na+ from the cell for every 2 K+ it pumps into the cell. |
| | D) | The unequal distribution of ions across the cell membrane produces the membrane potential. |
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| 21 | |
Which of the following is not characteristic of a local potential? |
| | A) | Local potentials can be either inhibitory or excitatory. |
| | B) | Local potentials are reversed by the Na+/ K+ pump when cell stimulation stops. |
| | C) | Local potentials occur at a great distance from where the stimulus was applied. |
| | D) | Local potentials can vary in magnitude depending upon the strength of the stimuli. |
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| 22 | |
All parts of a neuron are not in the refractory period at the same time. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 23 | |
Neuropeptides are |
| | A) | inhibitory neurotransmitters. |
| | B) | substances that modify the actions of neurotransmitters. |
| | C) | a type of catecholamine such as epinephrine. |
| | D) | excitatory neurotransmitters. |
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| 24 | |
There is some chemical communication that goes backwards across a synapse. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 25 | |
Declarative memory is the retention of motor skills such as typing. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 26 | |
What percentage of the U.S. population has Alzheimer disease by the age of 85? |
| | A) | 11% |
| | B) | 24% |
| | C) | 47% |
| | D) | 69% |
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| 27 | |
These glial cells form the myelin sheath in the central nervous system: |
| | A) | Schwann cells |
| | B) | satellite cells |
| | C) | microglia |
| | D) | astrocytes |
| | E) | oligodendrocytes |
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| 28 | |
A nerve signal would proceed most commonly in which order? |
| | A) | soma > dendrite > axon > synapse |
| | B) | dendrite > soma > axon > synapse |
| | C) | dendrite > synapse > soma > axon |
| | D) | dendrite > soma > synapse > axon |
| | E) | axon > soma > dendrite > synapse |
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| 29 | |
Which of the following factors increases the speed at which a nerve signal will travel? |
| | A) | smaller amount of myelin |
| | B) | lack of Schwann cells |
| | C) | more dendrites |
| | D) | increased axonal width |
| | E) | increased synaptic receptors |
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| 30 | |
For the voltage-gated sodium/potassium channels to open, a critical voltage must be reached, which is called: |
| | A) | threshold |
| | B) | generator potential |
| | C) | depolarization |
| | D) | repolarization |
| | E) | spike |
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| 31 | |
The period of time when a neuron cannot be stimulated again is: |
| | A) | threshold |
| | B) | all-or-none |
| | C) | refractory |
| | D) | graded |
| | E) | decremental |
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| 32 | |
A neurotransmitter related to mood is: |
| | A) | serotonin |
| | B) | gamma-aminobutyric acid |
| | C) | glycine |
| | D) | glutamic acid |
| | E) | acetylcholine |
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| 33 | |
Monoamines typically produce this type of postsynaptic affect: |
| | A) | metabotrophic |
| | B) | ionotrophic |
| | C) | cholinergic |
| | D) | posttetanic |
| | E) | potentiation |
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| 34 | |
If a quiet sound induces the stimulation of low threshold neurons but not others, then we call this type of neural coding: |
| | A) | quantitative |
| | B) | tetanic |
| | C) | posttetanic |
| | D) | facilitation |
| | E) | recruitment |
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| 35 | |
Tetanic stimulation combined with glutamate-NMDA receptors binding results in: |
| | A) | synaptic plasticity |
| | B) | facilitation |
| | C) | long-term potentiation |
| | D) | pre-synaptic inhibition |
| | E) | long-term convergance |
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| 36 | |
A degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra results in: |
| | A) | senility |
| | B) | dementia |
| | C) | Parkinson disease |
| | D) | Alzheimer disease |
| | E) | Huntington disease |
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