 |
| 1 | |
An artery is defined as: (p. 716) |
| | A) | a vessel that carries blood away from the heart |
| | B) | a vessel that carries oxygenated blood |
| | C) | a vessel that carries blood toward the heart |
| | D) | a vessel that carries deoxygenated blood |
| | E) | a microscopic blood vessel |
|
|
|
| 2 | |
The ____________ collects blood from all other veins draining the myocardium and returns this blood to the right atrium. (p. 725-726) |
| | A) | great cardiac vein |
| | B) | left circumflex artery |
| | C) | posterior cardiac vein |
| | D) | coronary sinus |
| | E) | middle cardiac vein |
|
|
|
| 3 | |
On the electrocardiogram, repolarization of the atria is represented by the: (pp. 731-733) |
| | A) | p-wave |
| | B) | QRS complex |
| | C) | T-wave |
| | D) | p-Q segment |
| | E) | it does not appear on the EKG since it is obscured by the QRS complex |
|
|
|
| 4 | |
The valve that lies between the right atrium and the right ventricle is the (pp. 721-722) |
| | A) | aortic semilunar valve |
| | B) | tricuspid valve |
| | C) | mitral valve |
| | D) | bicuspid valve |
| | E) | pulmonary semilunar valve |
|
|
|
| 5 | |
The anterior interventricular artery and the circumflex artery are the main branches of the right coronary artery (pp. 723-724) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 6 | |
A sudden drop in blood pressure will cause a reflexive increase in the heart rate. (p. 740) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 7 | |
An increase in afterload will promote an immediate increase in cardiac output. (p.742) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 8 | |
The lining of the chambers and the covering of the heart are a simple squamous epithelium overlying a thin layer of loose connective tissue. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 9 | |
Which of the following is associated with the atria? |
| | A) | trabeculae carneae |
| | B) | pectinate muscles |
| | C) | chordae tendineae |
| | D) | papillary muscles |
|
|
|
| 10 | |
Which of the following valves keeps blood from backing up into the left ventricle? |
| | A) | pulmonary valve |
| | B) | bicuspid valve |
| | C) | aortic valve |
| | D) | tricuspid valve |
|
|
|
| 11 | |
The pulmonary valve has string-like chordae tendinae and papillary muscles that prevent the valve cusps from prolapsing during right ventricular contraction. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 12 | |
The first three branches off the aorta are the right, left, and middle coronary arteries. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 13 | |
Death of heart muscle from lack of oxygen is known as a myocardial infarction (MI), but what is temporary myocardial ischemia called? |
| | A) | cardiac stenosis |
| | B) | cardiac defibrillation |
| | C) | angina pectoris |
| | D) | cardiac arrest |
|
|
|
| 14 | |
When the ventricles relax, blood in the aorta flows back toward the heart, filling the coronary arteries. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 15 | |
Which of the following structures allow one cardiac cell to electronically stimulate another by allowing ion flow across the intercalated disk? |
| | A) | fascia adherens |
| | B) | gap junctions |
| | C) | desmosomes |
| | D) | intercellular folds |
|
|
|
| 16 | |
The small patch of heart tissue that depolarizes spontaneously to begin each heartbeat is the |
| | A) | node of His. |
| | B) | sinoatrial node. |
| | C) | atrioventricular node. |
| | D) | superior cardiac node. |
|
|
|
| 17 | |
Any abnormal cardiac contraction pattern is called an arrhythmia, including atrial flutters and ventricular fibrillation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 18 | |
Which of the following statements is incorrect? |
| | A) | The firing of the SA node stimulates both atria to contract almost simultaneously. |
| | B) | The signal to contract is delayed at the AV node, allowing the ventricles to fill with blood. |
| | C) | Firing signals reach the papillary muscles before the rest of the ventricular myocardium. |
| | D) | Ventricular contraction begins at the AV valves and progresses downward toward the apex of the heart. |
|
|
|
| 19 | |
In skeletal muscle contraction, membrane depolarization lasts for 2 msec; in cardiac muscle, depolarization may last for 250 msec. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 20 | |
An EEG is a composite recording of all of the action potentials produced by the heart. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 21 | |
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events occurring in the cardiac cycle? |
| | A) | atrial systole, atrial diastole, ventricular systole, and ventricular diastole |
| | B) | atrial diastole, atrial systole, ventricular diastole, and ventricular systole |
| | C) | atrial systole, ventricular systole, atrial diastole, and ventricular diastole |
| | D) | atrial diastole, ventricular diastole, atrial systole, and ventricular systole |
|
|
|
| 22 | |
During a normal cardiac cycle, which phase has the longest duration? |
| | A) | atrial systole |
| | B) | ventricular systole |
| | C) | quiescent period |
| | D) | Valvular period |
|
|
|
| 23 | |
It is essential that both ventricles eject the same amount of blood even though the pressure in the right ventricle is much less than the pressure in the left ventricle. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 24 | |
In a resting person, a red blood cell leaving the left ventricle will, on average, arrive back at the left ventricle in |
| | A) | 30 seconds. |
| | B) | 60 seconds. |
| | C) | 90 seconds. |
| | D) | 120 seconds. |
|
|
|
| 25 | |
A resting adult heart rate above 100 beats per minute is known as bradycardia. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 26 | |
Activity in the cardioinhibitory center slows the heart because sympathetic nerves secrete norepinephrine onto the SA and AV nodes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 27 | |
Hypercapnia, or excess blood levels of CO2, causes acidosis that decreases the heart rate. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 28 | |
All of the following are cardiac stimulants except |
| | A) | epinephrine. |
| | B) | caffeine, nicotine, and chocolate. |
| | C) | thyroid hormone. |
| | D) | potassium and calcium ions. |
|
|
|
| 29 | |
This chamber has to work harder than the others, so it has the thickest myocardium: |
| | A) | sinus venosus |
| | B) | right ventricle |
| | C) | right atrium |
| | D) | left atrium |
| | E) | left ventricle |
|
|
|
| 30 | |
These prevent AV valve prolapse: |
| | A) | trabeculae carneae |
| | B) | chordae tendineae and papillary muscles |
| | C) | valvular stenosis |
| | D) | semilunar and aortic valves |
| | E) | aortic and pulmonary blood pressure |
|
|
|
| 31 | |
Of the pathways listed, which correctly desecribes a route that blood can take in a normal human? |
| | A) | right atrium > pulmonary semilunar valve > right ventricle > tricuspid valve |
| | B) | tricuspid valve > right atrium > pulmonary semilunar valve > right ventricle |
| | C) | left atrium > bicuspid valve > left ventricle > aortic semilunar valve |
| | D) | right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > aortic semilunar valve |
| | E) | left atrium > tricuspid valve > left ventricle > pulmonary semilunar valve |
|
|
|
| 32 | |
The vessel just before the circumflex artery in normal circulation is the: |
| | A) | anterior interventricular artery |
| | B) | coronary sinus |
| | C) | great cardiac vein |
| | D) | left coronary artery |
| | E) | posterior interventricular artery |
|
|
|
| 33 | |
Myocardial ischemia can lead to: |
| | A) | freer drainage |
| | B) | vein blockage |
| | C) | thinner blood |
| | D) | tissue death |
| | E) | endothelium |
|
|
|
| 34 | |
An effectively three-chambered heart, as in septal defects, can lead to: |
| | A) | mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood |
| | B) | surplus oxygen in the blood |
| | C) | sinus venosus |
| | D) | vein blockage |
| | E) | double circulation |
|
|
|
| 35 | |
Unlike skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle has this feature: |
| | A) | larger cisternae |
| | B) | smaller T tubules |
| | C) | several nuclei |
| | D) | long, slender, unbranched cells |
| | E) | calcium ions can come from ECF |
|
|
|
| 36 | |
The most correct sequence in the cardiac conduction system is: |
| | A) | SA node > AV bundle > AV node > bundle branches > Purkinje fibers |
| | B) | AV bundle > SA node > AV node > bundle branches > Purkinje fibers |
| | C) | Purkinje fibers > AV bundle > SA node > AV node > bundle branches |
| | D) | SA node > AV node > AV bundle > bundle branches > Purkinje fibers |
| | E) | AV bundle > AV node > bundle branches > SA node > Purkinje fibers |
|
|
|
| 37 | |
The QRS interval on an electrocardiogram represents the electrical events related to the: |
| | A) | closure of the AV valves |
| | B) | ventricular depolarization |
| | C) | ventricular repolarization |
| | D) | atrial depolarization |
| | E) | semilunar valve closure |
|
|
|
| 38 | |
All of the following can cause an increase in cardiac output except: |
| | A) | falling blood pH |
| | B) | increased preload |
| | C) | decreased end diastolic volume |
| | D) | reduced number of vagal signals |
| | E) | epinephrine |
|
|
.