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| 1 | |
The kidney engages in all of the following activities except: (p. 882) |
| | A) | secrete a hormone which assists in blood pressure regulation |
| | B) | eliminate nitrogenous wastes |
| | C) | secrete a hormone which increases red blood cell production |
| | D) | detoxifing free radicals |
| | E) | secrete a hormone which increases the absorption of glucose from the digestive tract |
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| 2 | |
How does alcohol increase urine production? (p. 903) |
| | A) | by causing an increase in sodium excretion |
| | B) | it decreases the concentration gradient created by the nephron loop |
| | C) | it inhibits ADH secretion |
| | D) | it promotes increased filtration through the glomerulus |
| | E) | it inhibits water permeability in the collecting duct |
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| 3 | |
The micturition reflex (p. 907) |
| | A) | is the predominant mechanism that voids the bladder in infants |
| | B) | is a sympathetic reflex |
| | C) | cannot be controlled voluntarily in adulthood |
| | D) | is designed to prevent overstretching of the detrusor muscle |
| | E) | in infancy is regulated by a micturition center in the pons |
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| 4 | |
This urinary disorder occurs commonly as a result of pregnancy (p. 908, table 23.2) |
| | A) | nephrotic syndrome |
| | B) | hydronephrosis |
| | C) | acute renal failure |
| | D) | urinary incontinence |
| | E) | acute glomerulonephritis |
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| 5 | |
A distinguishing feature of the DCT and the collecting duct is that they are under hormonal control, unlike the PCT and loop. (p. 897) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 6 | |
The concentration gradient that exists from the cortex to the medulla of the kidney is produced by the (pp. 888, 894-897) |
| | A) | loops of the cortical nephrons |
| | B) | proximal convoluted tubules of juxtamedullary nephrons |
| | C) | loops of the juxtamedullary nephrons |
| | D) | distal convoluted tubules of cortical nephrons |
| | E) | collecting ducts of juxtameduary and cortical nephrons |
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| 7 | |
It is unhealthy to find this substance in urine: (p. 902-903) |
| | A) | urea |
| | B) | glucose |
| | C) | water |
| | D) | sodium chloride |
| | E) | traces of calcium |
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| 8 | |
The role the kidney plays in the homeostasis of the body includes all of the following except to |
| | A) | regulate osmolarity of body fluids by regulating electrolyte elimination. |
| | B) | help regulate acid-base balance of the body. |
| | C) | control blood volume and blood pressure. |
| | D) | control lymphocyte count. |
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| 9 | |
The right kidney is lower than the left because of the space occupied by which other organ? |
| | A) | stomach |
| | B) | liver |
| | C) | spleen |
| | D) | gallbladder |
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| 10 | |
Which of the following is the main structure holding the kidney against the back body wall? |
| | A) | parietal peritoneum |
| | B) | renal fascia |
| | C) | adipose capsule |
| | D) | renal capsule |
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| 11 | |
The filtration of blood plasma that begins the process of urine formation occurs at which of the following? |
| | A) | peritubular capillaries |
| | B) | afferent arterioles |
| | C) | glomerular capillaries |
| | D) | arcuate arteries |
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| 12 | |
The renal medulla receives its blood supply from a network of vessels called the vasa recta. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 13 | |
Which of the following is not considered part of the renal tubule? |
| | A) | proximal convoluted tubule |
| | B) | distal convoluted tubule |
| | C) | capsular space |
| | D) | collecting duct |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following is lined with a simple cuboidal epithelium with prominent microvilli (brush border)? |
| | A) | proximal convoluted tubule |
| | B) | loop of henle |
| | C) | distal convoluted tubule |
| | D) | collecting duct |
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| 15 | |
The thick segment of the nephron loop is very permeable to water. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 16 | |
A filtrate of blood plasma is transformed into urine and passes to the outside by passing through the following structures in this order—glomerular capsule to proximal convoluted tubule to nephron loop to distal convoluted tubule to collecting duct to papillary duct to minor calyx to major calyx to renal pelvis to urethra to urinary bladder to ureter to outside. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 17 | |
The blood hydrostatic pressure is quite low in the glomerular capillaries, because the afferent arteriole is larger than the efferent arteriole. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 18 | |
Renal autoregulation can compensate for changes in mean arterial blood pressure over a range from 80 to 170 mmHg and still maintain a stable GFR. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 19 | |
When blood pressure drops, the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney secrete the enzyme renin, which indirectly results in |
| | A) | a lowering of the mean arterial blood pressure. |
| | B) | an increase in the glomerular filtration rate. |
| | C) | a loss of sodium. |
| | D) | a stimulation of the sense of thirst. |
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| 20 | |
The peritubular capillaries are involved in large amounts of tubular reabsorption because of their high blood hydrostatic pressure (BHP) and low colloid osmotic pressure (COP). |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 21 | |
In one pass through the kidney, half of the urea is removed from the blood, lowering its concentration to a safe level. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 22 | |
As urine passes down the collecting duct, water leaves the tube by osmosis and, thus, the urine becomes more and more concentrated. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 23 | |
Urea accounts for about 40% of the high osmolarity of the extracellular fluid in the deep medulla. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 24 | |
The blood flowing into and out of the medulla in the vasa recta has little impact on the osmolarity of the deep medulla. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 25 | |
The output of an excess of 2L/day of urine is known as pyuria. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 26 | |
Which of the following types of diabetes is caused by hypersecretion of cortisol? |
| | A) | diabetes mellitus |
| | B) | diabetes insipidus |
| | C) | adrenal diabetes |
| | D) | pituitary diabetes |
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| 27 | |
Both the internal and external urethral sphincters are composed of skeletal muscle. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 28 | |
The major nitrogenous waste product in humans is: |
| | A) | guanine |
| | B) | ammonia |
| | C) | uric acid |
| | D) | creatinine |
| | E) | urea |
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| 29 | |
Urea is made in the: |
| | A) | skin |
| | B) | respiratory system |
| | C) | large intestine |
| | D) | liver |
| | E) | kidney |
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| 30 | |
All of these organ systems carry out excretion except: |
| | A) | integumentary |
| | B) | respiratory |
| | C) | digestive |
| | D) | urinary |
| | E) | nervous |
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| 31 | |
The correct sequence of blood flow through the kidney is: |
| | A) | interlobular artery > afferent arteriole > glomerulus > efferent arteriole > peritubular capillaries |
| | B) | interlobular artery > afferent arteriole > glomerulus > peritubular capillaries > efferent arteriole |
| | C) | afferent arteriole > interlobular artery > peritubular capillaries > glomerulus > efferent arteriole |
| | D) | afferent arteriole > interlobular artery > glomerulus > efferent arteriole > peritubular capillaries |
| | E) | interlobular artery > efferent arteriole > glomerulus > afferent arteriole > peritubular capillaries |
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| 32 | |
The most correct sequence of fluid flow through the kidney is: |
| | A) | nephron loop > glomerular capsule > proximal convoluted tubules > distal convoluted tubules > collecting duct |
| | B) | glomerular capsule > proximal convoluted tubules > nephron loop > distal convoluted tubules > collecting duct |
| | C) | proximal convoluted tubules > distal convoluted tubules > nephron loop > glomerular capsule > collecting duct |
| | D) | distal convoluted tubules > nephron loop > proximal convoluted tubules > glomerular capsule > collecting duct |
| | E) | nephron loop > proximal convoluted tubules > glomerular capsule > distal convoluted tubules > collecting duct |
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| 33 | |
Fluid leaving the blood stream to enter the kidney tubules would first pass through the: |
| | A) | ureter |
| | B) | filtration slits |
| | C) | fenestrae of the capillary endothelium |
| | D) | proximal convoluted tubule |
| | E) | nephron loop |
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| 34 | |
Should blood pressure rise, one means of renal autoregulation would involve: |
| | A) | constriction of the proximal convoluted tubule |
| | B) | dilation of the afferent arteriole |
| | C) | constriction of the afferent arteriole |
| | D) | constriction of the efferent arteriole |
| | E) | dilation of the proximal convoluted tubule |
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| 35 | |
Angiotensin II has all of these effects except: |
| | A) | increases platelet count |
| | B) | increases blood pressure |
| | C) | constricts arteries |
| | D) | promotes water intake |
| | E) | stimulates sodium retention |
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| 36 | |
In a normal person, almost all of the glucose in the filtrate is transported back into the body's cells in this area: |
| | A) | glomerular capsule |
| | B) | proximal convoluted tubule |
| | C) | nephron loop |
| | D) | distal convoluted tubule |
| | E) | collecting duct |
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| 37 | |
The collecting duct is able to concentrate urine mainly because: |
| | A) | it is permeable to NaCl but not water |
| | B) | it actively transports water |
| | C) | the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid in the medulla is higher than that in the cortex |
| | D) | the permeability of the tubular cells to Na+ increases as the duct passes through the medulla |
| | E) | hydrostatic pressure forces water out of the duct |
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| 38 | |
The last place a drop of urine is at before it leaves your body usually is: |
| | A) | ureter |
| | B) | renal pelvis |
| | C) | urethra |
| | D) | urinary bladder |
| | E) | major calyx of the kidney |
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